Form factors of elementary particles are mathematical quantities that describe how these particles interact with each other through the strong nuclear force. They are used to calculate the scattering amplitudes in high-energy experiments.
Form factors are measured in experiments using scattering experiments, where high-energy particles are directed at a target containing the elementary particles. The resulting scattering pattern can then be used to determine the form factors.
Form factors are related to the size of elementary particles through their dependence on the momentum transfer of the scattering particles. The larger the momentum transfer, the more detailed information about the size and structure of the elementary particle can be obtained.
Yes, form factors can change over time as our understanding of the underlying physics evolves. New experimental data can also lead to updates in the values of form factors.
Form factors play a crucial role in our understanding of the Standard Model of particle physics. They provide important information about the interactions between elementary particles and help us test and refine our understanding of the fundamental forces of nature.