Free electron path without a nearby proton

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Discussion Overview

The discussion revolves around the behavior of a free electron in the absence of a nearby proton or positive electric field. Participants explore the quantum characteristics of such an electron, including its energy levels, uncertainty principles, and the implications of being unbound from an atomic structure.

Discussion Character

  • Exploratory
  • Technical explanation
  • Conceptual clarification

Main Points Raised

  • One participant questions the behavior of a free electron, noting that traditional atomic properties like Pauli's exclusion principle and energy levels do not apply in the absence of a proton.
  • Another participant asserts that the free electron still possesses quantized spin and charge.
  • A participant seeks clarification on the allowable energy levels and the uncertainty of position and momentum for the free electron, emphasizing the lack of influence from a positive proton field.
  • Further elaboration indicates that Schrödinger's equation is still applicable, with the potential term being zero for an isolated electron, leading to a continuous spectrum of energy levels for unbound states.
  • It is noted that quantum mechanics remains valid for free electrons, including the principles of position/momentum uncertainty and the potential for interference patterns in experiments.

Areas of Agreement / Disagreement

Participants express varying viewpoints on the implications of a free electron's behavior, with some agreement on the applicability of quantum mechanics but no consensus on the specifics of energy levels and uncertainty principles.

Contextual Notes

There are unresolved aspects regarding the mathematical complexities of energy spectra for unbound electrons and the implications of the absence of a proton's electric field on quantum behavior.

Tareq Naushad
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TL;DR
Quantum properties of an free electron outside atom
In absence of a positive electric field created by proton what type of behavior an electron shows? I am talking about a free electron like from a electron gun in deep space . Pauli's exclusion, orbitals, energy level etc. which are normal in an atom for electron will be absent for an electron out from an atom. So what type of quantum behavior it shows then ?
 
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It still has quantized spin and charge.
 
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thanks. what about its allowable energy level, uncertainty of position, momentum etc. because now it is not governed by the field of +ve proton
 
Tareq Naushad said:
what about its allowable energy level, uncertainty of position, momentum etc. because now it is not governed by the field of +ve proton
We're still solving Schrödinger's equation to find the wave function. Schrödinger's equation includes a term for the potential, which will be the Coulomb potential for an electron near a proton (whether bound or not) and zero for an isolated (and therefore obviously unbound) electron in vacuum.

The bound states will have discrete eigenvalues. The unbound ones will have a continuous spectrum (although there are some mathematical complications here that we can ignore for now) quantum mechanics still works: position/momentum uncertainty still works, Schrödinger's equation governs the evolution of the wave function, we can even in principle do a double-slit experiment with a beam of free electrons and produce an interference pattern.
 
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