Free Electron Theory: Majority From d/f Orbitals?

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SUMMARY

The discussion centers on the free-electron theory of metals, specifically regarding the source of conduction electrons in conductors. Participants assert that the majority of free electrons in conductors originate from the d and f orbitals, rather than the outer s and p orbitals. It is established that thermal excitation allows some s and p electrons to contribute to the conduction band, but the primary contributors to electrical conductivity are indeed the higher energy electrons from the d and f orbitals. This understanding is crucial for grasping the behavior of metallic conductors.

PREREQUISITES
  • Understanding of free-electron theory in solid-state physics
  • Knowledge of atomic orbitals, specifically s, p, d, and f orbitals
  • Familiarity with thermal excitation and its effects on electron behavior
  • Basic principles of electrical conductivity in metals
NEXT STEPS
  • Research the role of d and f orbitals in metallic bonding
  • Study the effects of thermal excitation on electron mobility in conductors
  • Explore the differences in conductivity between various metals like Li, Na, Mg, and Al
  • Learn about the implications of free-electron theory in semiconductor physics
USEFUL FOR

Students preparing for physics exams, educators teaching solid-state physics, and anyone interested in the fundamental principles of electrical conductivity in metals.

Runei
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Hey you clever people.

Im getting ready for an exam in physics, and I have a question regarding the free-electron theory of metals, especially conductors.

The questions is actually quite simple: Is the MAJORITY of free electrons in a conductor from the backfilled d orbitals in the metals?

As far as I can remember, the d and f orbitals are being "backfilled" "further in" than than the outer orbitals of s and p.

The s and p orbitals are the orbitals that give rise to the bonding mechanisms. I believe that because of thermal excitation, some of the electrons in the s and p orbitals CAN become part of the conduction band and therefore give rise to a current, but as I understand it, the MAJORITY of the conduction electrons are from the d and f orbitals. I believe this is also the reason that conductors ARE conductors, since they have electrons that have higher energies than the outermost electrons.

Am I completely wrong or do I grasp something correctly?

Cheers
 
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Runei said:
Im getting ready for an exam in physics, and I have a question regarding the free-electron theory of metals, especially conductors.

The questions is actually quite simple: Is the MAJORITY of free electrons in a conductor from the backfilled d orbitals in the metals?
Think of Li, Na, Mg, Al...
 

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