Does a Free Particle Have Potential Energy and Kinetic Energy?

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SUMMARY

A free particle, defined as one with no forces acting upon it, possesses only kinetic energy and no potential energy. This conclusion arises from the understanding that if a particle is initially in motion, it will continue to move with its initial speed, thus maintaining its kinetic energy, calculated as (1/2)mv². The concept of potential energy is relative and can be set to any constant value, which clarifies the confusion regarding the absence of potential energy when no forces are present.

PREREQUISITES
  • Understanding of Newton's First Law of Motion
  • Familiarity with the concepts of kinetic energy and potential energy
  • Basic knowledge of relative energy reference points
  • Ability to apply the kinetic energy formula (KE = 1/2 mv²)
NEXT STEPS
  • Study Newton's Laws of Motion in detail
  • Explore the concept of relative potential energy in different reference frames
  • Investigate the implications of motion in the absence of external forces
  • Learn about energy conservation principles in isolated systems
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Students of physics, educators teaching mechanics, and anyone interested in understanding the principles of energy in motion.

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Homework Statement



Revered members,
A free particle is one which has no forces acting on it and since there is no forces acting on it, so there is no potential energy and E is entirely kinetic.

Homework Equations





The Attempt at a Solution



My doubt is, when no forces act on a particle, it should remain at rest and possesses potential energy only and Kinetic energy should be zero. How the converse happens here?
 
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I am not sure what it would mean to say that there is "no potential energy" since potential energy is relative- that is, given any situation, you can choose the potential energy to be whatever value you like at anyone given point. However, your statement that "when no forces act on a particle, it should remain at rest" is not quite right. That is true only if the particle was initially at rest. If it initially has speed v (and so kinetic energy (1/2)mv^2) it will continue moving with that speed and kinetic energy. You can take the potential energy to be any constant.
 
Thanks a lot HallsofIvy.
 

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