Guiding center motion of charged particles in EM field

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SUMMARY

The discussion focuses on deriving the guiding center motion equations for charged particles in an electromagnetic field, as outlined in Hazeltine and Waelbroeck's "The Framework of Plasma Physics." The equations of motion are expressed as ##\frac{d\vec{r}}{dt}=\vec{v}## and ##\frac{d\vec{v}}{dt}=\frac{e}{\epsilon m}(\vec{E}+\vec{v}\times\vec{B})##, with new variables introduced to account for the particle's motion. The average values of the functions ##\vec{\rho}## and ##\vec{u}## are shown to be zero, leading to solubility conditions that simplify the equations. The confusion arises regarding the averaging process, particularly with the term ##\langle \omega_{-1}\frac{\partial \vec{u}_0}{\partial \gamma} \rangle## and its justification during differentiation.

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  • Understanding of electromagnetic theory, specifically the Lorentz force law.
  • Familiarity with plasma physics concepts, particularly guiding center motion.
  • Knowledge of perturbation methods in differential equations.
  • Proficiency in mathematical notation related to averages and derivatives.
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  • Explore perturbation techniques in differential equations to understand the averaging process better.
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  • Investigate the role of phase variables in charged particle dynamics within electromagnetic fields.
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Korybut
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TL;DR
Charged particle in EM field
Hello!

I am trying to figure how one can deduce guiding center motion equation according to Hazeltine and Waelbroeck "The Framework of Plasma physics". They suggest the following:
To solve equations
##\frac{d\vec{r}}{dt}=\vec{v},\;\; \frac{d\vec{v}}{dt}=\frac{e}{\epsilon m}(\vec{E}+\vec{v}\times\vec{B})##
Here ##\epsilon## is book-keeping dimensionless variable. The lowest possible order of ##\epsilon## is ##\epsilon^{-1}##
they introduce new variables
##\vec{r}(t)=\vec{R}(t)+\epsilon \vec{\rho}(\vec{R},\vec{U},t,\gamma)##
##\vec{v}(t)=\vec{U}(t)+\vec{u}(\vec{R},\vec{U},t,\gamma)##
Here ##\gamma## is new independent variable describing the phase of gyrating particle. Functions ##\vec{\rho}## and ##\vec{u}## has zero mean value, i.e.
##\langle \vec{\rho}\rangle = \int_0^{2\pi} \vec{\rho}(\vec{R},\vec{U},t,\gamma)d\gamma=\langle \vec{u}\rangle= \int_0^{2\pi} \vec{u}(\vec{R},\vec{U},t,\gamma)d\gamma=0##
There is also equation for time evolution of gamma
##\frac{d\gamma}{dt}=\epsilon^{-1}\omega_{-1}(\vec{R},\vec{U},t)+\omega_0(\vec{R},\vec{U},t)+...##
Expansion for other variables looks as follows
##\vec{U}(\vec{R},t)=\vec{U}_0(\vec{R},t)+\epsilon \vec{U}_1(\vec{R},t)+...##
##\vec{\rho}(\vec{R},\vec{U},t,\gamma)=\vec{\rho}_0(\vec{R},\vec{U},t,\gamma)+\epsilon \vec{\rho}_1(\vec{R},\vec{U},t,\gamma)+...##
##\vec{u}(\vec{R},\vec{U},t,\gamma)=\vec{u}_0(\vec{R},\vec{U},t,\gamma)+\epsilon \vec{u}_1(\vec{R},\vec{U},t,\gamma)+...##

Next they plug their new variable in the original equations and taking the average with respect to ##\gamma## obtain the so called solubility conditions. For example equations of motion up to ##\epsilon^{-1}## order looks as
##\omega_{-1} \frac{\partial \vec{u}_0}{\partial \gamma}-\frac{e}{m} \vec{u}_0\times B=\frac{e}{m}(E+U_0\times B)##
taking the ##\gamma## average according to the book one obtains
##E+\vec{U}_0\times B=0##
I don't get how one should rigorously deal with this average for example
##\langle \omega_{-1}\frac{\partial \vec{u}_0}{\partial \gamma} \rangle ##
According to the authors it should be zero but I am confused. While differentiating with respect to ##t## I differentiate ##\gamma## however taking avarage ##\frac{d\gamma}{dt}## is supposed to be silent. How this is justified?
 

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