Haidinger fringe (interferometer at zero path difference)

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SUMMARY

The discussion focuses on calculating the necessary movement of a mirror in a Michelson interferometer to achieve zero path difference, using a laser wavelength of 514.5 nm and a lens with a focal length of 55 mm. The derived equations for the Haidinger fringe pattern indicate that the mirror must be moved 0.999716484 cm to achieve this condition. The calculations involve the effective path difference and the relationship between fringe diameter and interference order, confirming the movement required for optimal alignment.

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  • Understanding of Michelson interferometer principles
  • Familiarity with fringe pattern analysis
  • Knowledge of wave optics and interference
  • Proficiency in mathematical manipulation of physical equations
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  • Learn about the impact of wavelength on interference patterns
  • Explore the calibration techniques for Michelson interferometers
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Homework Statement


A Michelson interferometer is illuminated with a laser with a wavelength of 514.5nm. A Haidinger fringe pattern is photographed with a lens of focal length 55mm. The diameter of the two adjacent circular fringes in the image are 1.53mm and 2.62mm.

How far would the mirror that is further away from the beamsplitter need to be moved in order to set the interferometer at zero path difference?

Homework Equations


Haidinger Fringe rp
rp=f*√[(p*λ)/d]

where
rp = Haidinger Fringe
f = focal length
p = order of interference
λ = wavelength
d = difference in distance between the two mirrors and beamsplitter

Effective path difference
2d*cosθ = pλ

The Attempt at a Solution


Trying to derive an equation for the two path differences from the Haidinger Fringe equation, which is independent of the p value, but I'm struggling...

rp=f*√[(p*λ)/d]

( rp / f )2 = (p*λ)/d

( rp / f )2 = 2d*cosθ/d

d = 2d*cosθ / ( rp / f )2

d = 2d*cos1.3644 / 1.31 mm/55mm

d = 2*cos1.3644 / 0.02381818181

d = 17.2082026858

2 * 17.2082026858 * cos1.3644 = pλ

p = 2 * 17.2082026858 * cos1.3644 / 5.145*10^-7

p = 7.05309334257 / 5.145*10^-7

p = 13708636.2344

5.145*10^-7 * 13708636.2344 = 7.05309334257 metres = difference in distance between the two mirrors and the beam splitter

So would the mirror need to be moved 7.05309334257 metres in order to set the interferometer at zero path difference?
 
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Homework Statement


A Michelson interferometer is illuminated with a laser with a wavelength of 514.5nm. A Haidinger fringe pattern is photographed with a lens of focal length 55mm. The diameter of the two adjacent circular fringes in the image are 1.53mm and 2.62mm.

How far would the mirror that is further away from the beamsplitter need to be moved in order to set the interferometer at zero path difference?

Homework Equations


says said:
Haidinger Fringe rp
rp=f*√[(p*λ)/d]

where
rp = Haidinger Fringe
f = focal length
p = order of interference
λ = wavelength
d = difference in distance between the two mirrors and beamsplitter

Effective path difference
2d*cosθ = pλ
[/B]

The Attempt at a Solution

[/B]
Haidinger Fringe, rp

rp = f √ (pλ/d)

rp = f [ (( 1 - pλ/d )^-2) - 1 ] ^(1/2)

cosθp = f / √ ( rp2 + f2 = [ 1 - (pλ / 2d) ]

2d(1-cosθp) = pλ

∴ rp = f [ (( 1 - 2d(1-cosθp/2d )^-2) - 1 ] ^(1/2)

A lot of math later and I get a value of...

p = 55
d = 5cm

∴ Effective path difference
2d*cosθ

2*0.05*0.999716484 = 0.0999716484 m

0.999716484 cm

The mirror would have to be moved 0.999716484 cm in order to set the interferometer at zero path difference.

I'm not sure if this is correct. I've not had much experience with interferometers or the theory behind them.
 
Last edited:

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