Half-Filled Band: Explaining Zero Chemical Potential

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SUMMARY

A half-filled energy band in a square lattice at zero temperature corresponds to a zero chemical potential due to the balance of energy levels available for electron addition. The chemical potential, defined as the energy required to add an electron, becomes zero when the band is half-filled, as there are equal numbers of available states above and below the Fermi level. This relationship holds true under the assumption of spin degeneracy in the energy levels. The discussion also touches on the mathematical representation of chemical potential, specifically the formula μ = ∂E/∂N|_{T, V}.

PREREQUISITES
  • Understanding of solid-state physics concepts, particularly energy bands.
  • Familiarity with chemical potential and its significance in electron systems.
  • Knowledge of lattice structures, specifically square lattices.
  • Basic grasp of band structure calculations and their implications.
NEXT STEPS
  • Study the implications of spin degeneracy in electronic band structures.
  • Explore the mathematical derivation of chemical potential in different lattice models.
  • Investigate the effects of temperature on chemical potential in half-filled bands.
  • Learn about band structure calculation techniques using software like Quantum ESPRESSO.
USEFUL FOR

Physicists, materials scientists, and students studying solid-state physics, particularly those interested in electronic properties of materials and chemical potential behavior in lattice systems.

aaaa202
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In an exercise I look at a square lattice and consider a model where the energy band of the electron is half filled and temperature is zero.
I am then supposed to explain why a half filled band corresponds to zero chemical potential. For me the most meaningful definition of the chemical potential is the energy needed to add another electron to the lattice. Why shoul this be zero?
btw, the energy levels are spin degenerate.
 
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infinite or finite square lattice?
 
aaaa202 said:
I am then supposed to explain why a half filled band corresponds to zero chemical potential..

I also doubt that this is true in general.
So ##\mu=\partial E\partial N|_{T, V}##. I suppose you have calculated some band structure and can find an explicit expression for mu.
 

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