Helmholtz theorem derivation question

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The discussion focuses on the derivation of the Helmholtz theorem, specifically addressing the transition from one mathematical expression to another. Participants clarify that ∇' denotes the gradient with respect to r', and they question the necessity of the Dirac delta function, traditionally associated with discontinuities. The conversation also touches on the interpretation of the volume integral of a vector field, confirming that it involves triple integrals of each vector component independently. Additionally, there is confusion regarding the application of the del operator in this context, with participants expressing frustration over missing steps in the explanation. Overall, the thread highlights the complexities and nuances involved in understanding the Helmholtz decomposition derivation.
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helmholtz_decomposition#Derivation
how do we go from
f8d3b3e44dfc58f31df26e57c121a22f.png

to

6f79acfa5e48004f3a3d8c262d7205db.png


also on the next step
f87a951aa4c1323f4886374808b14276.png

∇' just means the gradient with respect to r', right?
Also, why do i have to use the dirac delta function? i thought it was only used to deal with discontinuities?

also when we say
gif.gif

gif.gif

the volume integral of a vector field just means we do the triple integral on each component of the vector field independently right?
 
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image-jpg.jpg
del is an operator though? if i applied that to this case then id get stuff like
gif.gif
or
gif.gif


i don't know why theyd explain each step then leave one completely mising
 
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