How can an infinite universe expand?

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Discussion Overview

The discussion centers on the concept of an infinite universe and the implications of its expansion. Participants explore the distinction between the observable universe and the entirety of the infinite universe, as well as the mathematical and conceptual frameworks that might support or challenge the idea of expansion in an infinite context.

Discussion Character

  • Debate/contested
  • Conceptual clarification
  • Mathematical reasoning

Main Points Raised

  • Some participants question how an infinite universe can expand, suggesting that infinity cannot be made larger.
  • Others propose that while the universe itself may not expand, the distances between objects within it can increase uniformly over time.
  • A participant introduces the concept of metric expansion of space, indicating that spatial distances can vary regardless of whether the universe is finite or infinite.
  • The Hilbert Hotel is mentioned as a thought experiment to illustrate the nature of infinity, with mixed opinions on its relevance to the discussion of an expanding universe.
  • Some participants express skepticism about the compatibility of an infinite universe with the notion of expansion, arguing that the two concepts are contradictory.
  • Others assert that the mathematical model of a spatially infinite, expanding universe is consistent and can be understood through the analogy of increasing distances between objects.
  • Concerns are raised about the clarity of cosmological discourse, with calls for specific references to support claims of confusion among cosmologists.

Areas of Agreement / Disagreement

Participants express disagreement regarding the compatibility of an infinite universe with the concept of expansion. While some argue that they can coexist, others maintain that they cannot, leading to an unresolved debate.

Contextual Notes

Participants reference the observable universe versus the entirety of the infinite universe, indicating a potential limitation in understanding the implications of expansion. The discussion also highlights varying interpretations of mathematical analogies and their applicability to cosmological concepts.

Michael Ray Mooney
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Considering the growing consensus that the universe is infinite, being everything everywhere, how is it possible for infinity to expand? In all my research I find confusion among cosmologists about the important distinction between the part of the universe we cqn see and the whole infinite universe.
 
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Michael Ray Mooney said:
being everything everywhere, how is it possible for infinity to expand?
Any two things that are a distance ##x## apart are a distance ##x\times (1+\delta)## apart at some later time, where ##\delta## is independent of the distance ##x## and the position of either thing but (in general) not the time. That's a uniform expansion, whether you can see the end of it or not, or even if there's not an end.
Michael Ray Mooney said:
In all my research I find confusion among cosmologists about the important distinction between the part of the universe we cqn see and the whole infinite universe.
Then you've been reading popsci, which is often sloppy about that distinction. Professional discourse has no such confusion.
 
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Michael Ray Mooney said:
Considering the growing consensus that the universe is infinite, being everything everywhere, how is it possible for infinity to expand? In all my research I find confusion among cosmologists about the important distinction between the part of the universe we cqn see and the whole infinite universe.
Here's an introduction to the metric expansion of space. In general, from a geometric point of view, the spatial distances between points in space can vary over time, whether the space is finite or infinite.

https://people.ast.cam.ac.uk/~pettini/Intro Cosmology/Lecture03.pdf
 
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Google the Hilbert Hotel
 
phinds said:
Google the Hilbert Hotel
Is that when Hilbert refurbished his infinite hotel and made all the rooms bigger? The infinite hotel expansion!
 
phinds said:
Google the Hilbert Hotel
Wasn't that the Eagles' biggest hit?

Welcome to the Hotel David Hilbert
Not a finite place (not a finite place)
Not a finite space
Plenty of room at the Hotel David Hilbert
Any time of year (any time of year)
You can find it here
 
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phinds said:
Google the Hilbert Hotel
I';m familiar, but as a mathmatical thought experiment it doesn't address the concept of of an endless universe, (No end or boundary in any direction.)
 
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Michael Ray Mooney said:
I';m familiar, but as a mathmatical thought experiment it doesn't address the concept of of an endless universe, (No end or boundary in any direction.)
No? I think that it does. It explains how infinity is endless. It's the Hilbert Hotel in all directions.
 
Michael Ray Mooney said:
I';m familiar, but as a mathmatical thought experiment it doesn't address the concept of of an endless universe, (No end or boundary in any direction.)
What part of the concept of an infinite universe are you having trouble with? I already explained what's meant by expansion, and PeroK provided a link to further detail.
 
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phinds said:
No? I think that it does. It explains how infinity is endless. It's the Hilbert Hotel in all directions.
That doesn't address the issue of an "expanding universe." Infinity does not expand... get bigger. We can't have it both ways... infinite and yet expanding.
 
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Michael Ray Mooney said:
That doesn't address the issue of an "expanding universe." Infinity does not expand... get bigger. We can't have it both ways... infinite and yet expanding.
It is not about the universe itself expanding or getting bigger - it is about the things in it getting further apart.

The Hilbert Hotel is almost a perfect analogy.

We assume the hotel itself is infinite in size (and, incidentally, homogenous). Yet, we can still expand the distance between every room in it.
 
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  • #12
Michael Ray Mooney said:
That doesn't address the issue of an "expanding universe." Infinity does not expand... get bigger. We can't have it both ways... infinite and yet expanding.
In your introduction, you said:
Michael Ray Mooney said:
Hi everyone. I've had an avid interest in several fields of physics all my adult life, now 79. (Long retired as a psychologist.) My fields of interest include cosmology, astrophysics, relativity theory, quantum physics and philosophy of science applied to physics. I look forward to participation here.
It's hard to believe any of that is true, to be honest. How can you possibly have an "avid interest" in cosmology and astrophysics, yet be stumped by the fundamental concept of a spatially infinite, expanding universe?

You can't have it both ways!
 
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Michael Ray Mooney said:
We can't have it both ways... infinite and yet expanding.
Yes, we can. The mathematical model of a spatially infinite, expanding universe is perfectly consistent.

Michael Ray Mooney said:
In all my research I find confusion among cosmologists about the important distinction between the part of the universe we cqn see and the whole infinite universe.
What confusion are you talking about? You need to back this claim up with specific references.
 
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