How did scientists figure out the expansion is accelerating?

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SUMMARY

The acceleration of the universe's expansion was discovered through the analysis of Type Ia supernovae, specifically by plotting distances derived from angular size and brightness against recession velocities. This analysis revealed a non-linear graph indicating decelerating expansion until a few billion years ago, followed by an unexpected acceleration, marked by an inflection point. The findings challenge previous assumptions about cosmic expansion and have significant implications for cosmology.

PREREQUISITES
  • Understanding of Type Ia supernovae and their role in cosmology
  • Familiarity with the Hubble constant and its calculation methods
  • Knowledge of graphing techniques for distance versus velocity data
  • Basic principles of cosmic expansion and its historical context
NEXT STEPS
  • Research the methodology behind measuring distances to Type Ia supernovae
  • Explore the implications of the Hubble constant in modern cosmology
  • Study the concept of cosmic acceleration and its evidence
  • Investigate the role of inflection points in mathematical modeling of cosmic phenomena
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Astronomers, cosmologists, and physics students interested in the dynamics of the universe's expansion and the methodologies used in observational astronomy.

resurgance2001
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I understand that the acceleration of the universe's expansion was discovered by looking at very far away Type 1a supernovae. My question is how was the data used exactly to calculate the Hubble constant in the past and then compare it with today's value? Did they simple plot the distances against recession velocities in the normal way but obtain a graph that was not a straight line? Thanks
 
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resurgance2001 said:
Did they simple plot the distances against recession velocities in the normal way but obtain a graph that was not a straight line?

More precisely, they plotted distances derived from two indirect measurements, angular size and brightness, against recession velocities and obtained a graph that was not a straight line. That in itself was not surprising; the graph would not be expected to be a straight line. But the particular shape of the curve indicated decelerating expansion until a few billion years ago, then accelerating expansion--in other words, it had an extra inflection point in it that wasn't expected.

A brief description is here:

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Accelerating_expansion_of_the_universe#Evidence_for_acceleration

Note that other pieces of evidence for accelerating expansion are also given.
 
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