How Do We Calculate (f O g) for Given Functions and Set A?

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To calculate the composition of functions (f O g) for the set A={1,2,3}, first apply function g to an input x, then apply function f to the result. For example, g(2) results in 1, and applying f to that gives h(2) = f(g(2)) = f(1) = 2. Similarly, g(1) gives 2, and applying f results in h(1) = f(g(1)) = f(2) = 3. This process can be summarized as h(x) = f(g(x)), serving as shorthand for the composition of the two functions.
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if A={1,2,3}

f:A-> A = {(1,2),(2,3),(3,1)}
g:A->A = {(1,2),(2,1),(3,3)}

how would we calculate (f O g)?
 
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say h = f o g. To find h(x), simply plug x into g, and then plug the result into f.

For example, g(2) = 1 and f(1) = 2. So h(2) = 2. Hope this helps.
 
i think i got it.

so: g(1) = 2 and f(2) = 3. therefore h(1)=3. am i right?
 
Yes.
 
At this stage, you can just consider
h = f \circ g
as just "shorthand" for the function defined by
h(x) = f(g(x))
 
I am studying the mathematical formalism behind non-commutative geometry approach to quantum gravity. I was reading about Hopf algebras and their Drinfeld twist with a specific example of the Moyal-Weyl twist defined as F=exp(-iλ/2θ^(μν)∂_μ⊗∂_ν) where λ is a constant parametar and θ antisymmetric constant tensor. {∂_μ} is the basis of the tangent vector space over the underlying spacetime Now, from my understanding the enveloping algebra which appears in the definition of the Hopf algebra...

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