How Do You Calculate the Separation Distance Between Two Orbiting Asteroids?

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SUMMARY

The separation distance L between two orbiting asteroids, each with a mass of 1010 kg, is calculated using gravitational force equations. The gravitational force equation F = GMm/r2 and centripetal force equation Fc = mv2/r are utilized to derive the relationship between the orbital radius and separation distance. The final calculation yields L = 0.1769 m, which contradicts the provided multiple-choice answers. The correct interpretation of the radii involved in the gravitational attraction and orbital motion is crucial for accurate results.

PREREQUISITES
  • Understanding of Newton's Law of Universal Gravitation
  • Familiarity with centripetal force concepts
  • Basic knowledge of circular motion and orbital mechanics
  • Ability to manipulate algebraic equations
NEXT STEPS
  • Study gravitational force calculations using F = GMm/r2
  • Learn about centripetal force in circular motion, specifically Fc = mv2/r
  • Explore the concept of center of mass in multi-body systems
  • Investigate orbital mechanics and Kepler's laws of planetary motion
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Astronomy students, physics enthusiasts, and anyone studying orbital dynamics and gravitational interactions between celestial bodies.

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Homework Statement



Two asteroids are deep in space, far from any external influences. They each have a mass of 1010kg and are separated by distance L (center to center). They travel in a circular orbit around the center of mass of the system (radius of either orbit: R= 0.5L), under the influence of the force of gravitational attraction between them. If it takes either one of them 1 hr to make a full circle, what is their separation L?

Homework Equations


Possibly:

F = GMm/r^2
Fc = mv^2/r

The Attempt at a Solution



v = 2(pie)*r/(3600) = pie*L/3600

Let F = Fc
mv^2/r = Gmm/r^2
v^2 = Gm/r

r = 0.5L so:
v^2 = Gm/0.5L
I end up getting L = 0.1769m; however, the possible answers are:
A) 675m
B) 121m
C) 1550m
D) 60m
E) 250m

Thanks for the help
 
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You have 2 different radii.

The radius of rotation is about the center of mass. That is L/2.

The radius of attraction for gravity is L.

That means that

mv2/(L/2) = GM2/L2

v2 = GM/(2*L)
 

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