To determine the unit digit of a^b, one can analyze the unit digits of powers of a fixed base a while varying b. This approach reveals patterns in the unit digits that repeat periodically. For example, the unit digits of powers of 2 show a cycle: 2, 4, 8, 6. By identifying the cycle length and using the exponent b modulo this length, the corresponding unit digit can be determined. This method provides a systematic way to find the unit digit for any positive integers a and b.