I am not sure that your question has a definite answer. Basically you can split classical mechanics into Newtonian analysis and Lagrangian/Hamiltonian analysis. The former uses forces, the latter uses energy. The Lagrangian/Hamiltonian approach is used in quantum mechanics, so you might say it is more fundamental. But there are situations, like friction, that are quite difficult to model that way. So it isn't obvious to me.