How ionization energy can be lower than band gap?

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SUMMARY

The discussion centers on the relationship between ionization energy and band gap energy in semiconductors, specifically Silicon. It is established that the ionization energy can indeed be lower than the band gap energy, particularly for electrons in the conduction band. Participants clarify that this phenomenon is not limited to surface effects or special coatings, such as Cerium on Gallium Arsenide (GaAs), but can also occur in bulk materials. The conversation highlights the historical context of semiconductor research, indicating that misconceptions may arise from outdated literature.

PREREQUISITES
  • Understanding of semiconductor physics
  • Familiarity with ionization energy concepts
  • Knowledge of band gap energy in materials
  • Awareness of historical developments in semiconductor research
NEXT STEPS
  • Research the properties of Silicon and its conduction band behavior
  • Explore the effects of surface coatings on semiconductor materials
  • Study the historical evolution of semiconductor theories and findings
  • Investigate the role of Cerium in modifying GaAs properties
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Students and professionals in materials science, semiconductor researchers, and anyone interested in the fundamental properties of semiconductors and their applications.

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I am reading about the ionization energy in semiconductors and came across this thing that for Silicon, the ionization energy is lower than its band gap energy. I don't understand how can this be?
 
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Is this for the ionization energy of an electron in the conduction band? It seems to me that there should be no problem having an ionization energy lower than the band gap. Why do you find it problematic?
 
Well that makes sense. The book does not says it explicitly so I guess what you say is the case.
 
I thought that was only the near the surface and when treated with a special coating. E.g. Ce on GaAs. I didn't think it was a bulk effect too. Are you reading a paper from before 1985? The history of semiconductors has a lot of back and forth.
 
@ rigetFrog: I was reading the book. The answer given by matterwave is correct. I has a silly confusion which is clear now.
 

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