How Is Percentage Difference Calculated and Utilized in Data Analysis?

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Percentage difference is calculated using the formula |x_known - x_exp| / x_known * 100, where x_known is the known value and x_exp is the experimental value. This calculation helps quantify the deviation between two values, providing insights into data accuracy and variability. It is commonly utilized in data analysis to assess the reliability of experimental results compared to established benchmarks. Understanding percentage difference is essential for researchers and analysts to communicate the significance of their findings effectively. Accurate calculation of percentage difference enhances data interpretation and decision-making processes.
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How Do you use your results to find the percentage difference, and what is the formula.

Thank you in advance

XXX
 
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\frac{|x_{known} - x_{exp}|}{x_{known}} * 100 = perc
 
The book claims the answer is that all the magnitudes are the same because "the gravitational force on the penguin is the same". I'm having trouble understanding this. I thought the buoyant force was equal to the weight of the fluid displaced. Weight depends on mass which depends on density. Therefore, due to the differing densities the buoyant force will be different in each case? Is this incorrect?

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