How Is String Tension Calculated in Vertical Circular Motion?

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SUMMARY

The tension in a string for an object rotating in a vertical circle can be calculated using the formula: string tension = mg + mRw². In this discussion, a 0.4 kg object at the end of a 0.5 m string with an angular velocity of 8.0 rad/s results in a calculated tension of 16.7 N at the bottom of the circle. However, the official solution states the tension is 13 N, leading to confusion regarding the accuracy of course materials. The method used for the calculation is valid and aligns with fundamental physics principles.

PREREQUISITES
  • Understanding of centripetal acceleration in circular motion
  • Knowledge of Newton's second law of motion
  • Familiarity with angular velocity and its units
  • Basic grasp of gravitational force calculations
NEXT STEPS
  • Review the derivation of centripetal acceleration formulas
  • Study the relationship between angular velocity and tension in circular motion
  • Explore common misconceptions in physics related to forces in vertical circular motion
  • Practice similar problems involving string tension and circular dynamics
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Students preparing for AP Physics exams, educators teaching mechanics, and anyone interested in understanding the dynamics of objects in circular motion.

Kyriam
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Homework Statement



A 0.4 kg object rotates in a vertical circle at the end of a 0.5 m string. What is the tension of the string at the bottom if the angular velocity there is 8.0 rad/s?

Homework Equations



centripetal acceleration = R*w^2
weight = mg
R = radius of circle
w = angular velocity

The Attempt at a Solution



centripetal acceleration = (0.5 m)(8.0/s)^2 = 32 m/s^2
total (centripetal) force = (0.4 kg)(32 m/s^2) = 12.8 N (upwards)
weight = (0.4 kg)(9.8 m/s^2) = 3.9 N (downwards)
Upwards forces and accelerations will be considered positive, downwards ones negative.
total (centripetal) force = string tension - weight
12.8 N = string tension - 3.9 N
string tension = 12.8 N + 3.9 N = 16.7 N
In general terms:
string tension = mg + mRw^2

Unfortunately, the "official" solution is 13 N.
Am I wrong, or are my course materials wrong?
Will I be equally puzzled if I try to take the AP Physics B exam?
 
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Kyriam, welcome to PF! Your answer and method is good! I think you'll do OK in the exam.
 

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