How the surface area of a cone changes; special relativity

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SUMMARY

The discussion focuses on the calculation of the lateral surface area of a cone as observed from a moving frame, specifically under the influence of special relativity. The initial formula for the surface area, S=πh²tanθ, was corrected to account for the effects of length contraction, leading to the conclusion that the observed surface area S1 is given by S1=S0√(1-(βcosθ)². The error in the original calculation stemmed from a misunderstanding of the relationship between radius and height, specifically confusing R with h*sinθ instead of h*tanθ. The final correct expression incorporates the factor of cosθ0/cosθ1 to adjust for the angle changes due to motion.

PREREQUISITES
  • Understanding of cone geometry and surface area formulas
  • Familiarity with special relativity concepts, particularly length contraction
  • Knowledge of trigonometric functions, specifically tangent and cosine
  • Basic algebraic manipulation skills for simplifying equations
NEXT STEPS
  • Study the derivation of the surface area of a cone, focusing on the formula S=πh²tanθ
  • Learn about the implications of length contraction in special relativity
  • Explore the relationship between trigonometric functions and geometry in moving frames
  • Review examples of relativistic effects on geometric shapes in physics
USEFUL FOR

Students of physics, particularly those studying special relativity, geometry, and their applications in real-world scenarios. This discussion is beneficial for anyone looking to deepen their understanding of how motion affects geometric properties.

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Homework Statement


A cone has half angle θ0 and lateral surface area S0 in the frame in which the cone is at rest. If someone moves at relative speed β=v/c along the cones symmetry axis, what surface area will they see for the cone?

Homework Equations


I believe the lateral surface area of a cone is S=πh2tanθ, where θ is the half angle and h is the height of the cone.
Length contraction is also relevant; h1=h0√(1-β2)

The Attempt at a Solution


S0 = πh02tanθ0
S1 = πh12tanθ1

If the cone had maximum radius R in the rest frame, it should remain R in the frame moving along the symmetry axis (because R is measured normal to this axis).
So we have tanθ0=R/h0, and also tanθ1=R/h1, so we see tanθ1=(h0/h1)tanθ0

Putting all this together (with the length contraction relation) it seems to be that S1=S0√(1-β2)

However my book claims S1=S0√(1-(βcosθ)2); so where is my mistake?
 
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Ahh. For some reason, when I thought over that formula, I had in my mind that "R=h*sinθ" instead of "R=h*tanθ"
(I even remember thinking this formula over a couple times, and each time I kept incorrectly saying this to myself! I am tired.)

So then the correct formula is actually S=πh2tanθ/cosθ.

So then my answer is off by (needs to be multiplied by) a factor of cosθ0/cosθ1

If you take the ratio of these two equations
cosθ0=1/√(1+(R/h0)2)
cosθ1=1/√(1+(R/h1)2)=1/√(1+(R/h0)2/(1-β2))
and simplify a fair amount (then use R/h0=tanθ as well as 1/(1+tan2θ)=cos2θ) then multiply it by my incorrect answer then it indeed becomes the correct answer, so that was the only mistake.

Thank you Orodruin
 

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