How to Find a Basis for W in P4[x] Using the Gram-Schmidt Process?

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Discussion Overview

The discussion centers around finding a basis for the orthogonal complement of a subspace W in the space of polynomials P4[x] using the Gram-Schmidt process. Participants explore the implications of the inner product defined on P4[x] and the dimensionality of the spaces involved.

Discussion Character

  • Technical explanation
  • Mathematical reasoning
  • Debate/contested

Main Points Raised

  • One participant defines the inner product on P4[x] and describes W as the subspace consisting of constant polynomials.
  • Another participant confirms the inner product definition and states that P4[x] is a 5-dimensional space with a standard basis of \{1, x, x^2, x^3, x^4\}.
  • It is noted that the vector "1" is already a unit vector, suggesting the use of Gram-Schmidt to extend to an orthonormal basis.
  • A participant describes their process using V1 = 1 and V2 = X - (Projection of X onto 1), arriving at V2 = X - 1/2, and questions the orthogonality of a different answer found in a book.
  • Another participant speculates that the book may be using a different convention for P4[x], implying it refers to polynomials of degree 3 or less, and suggests constructing an orthonormal basis from \{1, x, x^2, x^3\} instead.

Areas of Agreement / Disagreement

Participants express differing interpretations of the dimensionality of P4[x] and the basis elements, leading to unresolved questions about the orthogonality of the proposed vectors and the correct dimensionality of the spaces involved.

Contextual Notes

There are uncertainties regarding the definitions of the spaces and the inner product, as well as the assumptions made about the dimensionality of W and its orthogonal complement.

Bachelier
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I need some direction with respect to this problem please:

Define the inner product on P4[x] over [tex]\Re[/tex] as follows

<f,g> = [tex]\int_{0}^{1}\f(x)g(x) dx[/tex]

let W be the subspace of P4[x] consisting of the poly. ) and all polynomials with degree 0, that is W =R

Find a basis for [tex]W^{\perpendicular}[/tex]per
 
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I assume you meant
[tex]<f, g>= \int_0^1 f(x)g(x)dx[/tex].

[itex]P_4[x][/itex] is the 5 dimensional space of all polynomials, with real coefficients, of degree 4 or less. A basis consists of [itex]\{1, x, x^2, x^3, x^4\}[/itex].
[tex]< 1, 1>= \int_0^1 1 dx= 1[/tex]
so "1" is already a unit vector. Use "Gram-Schmidt" to extend that to an orthonormal basis for [itex]P_4[x][/itex], then drop the "1" vector.
 
HallsofIvy said:
I assume you meant
[tex]<f, g>= \int_0^1 f(x)g(x)dx[/tex].

[itex]P_4[x][/itex] is the 5 dimensional space of all polynomials, with real coefficients, of degree 4 or less. A basis consists of [itex]\{1, x, x^2, x^3, x^4\}[/itex].
[tex]< 1, 1>= \int_0^1 1 dx= 1[/tex]
so "1" is already a unit vector. Use "Gram-Schmidt" to extend that to an orthonormal basis for [itex]P_4[x][/itex], then drop the "1" vector.

cool I'll try it.
 
I did that. Actually this was the path I followed before posting my question:
Here's the deal:

I use V1 = 1

V2 = X - (Projection of X onto 1)

I get V2 = X - 1/2

in their answer in this book, they gave 1 - X/2 which is not even orthogonal to X - 1/2.

I don't know how they got these answers:
[itex] \{1-X/2 ; X/2 - X^2/3 ; X^2/3 - 1/4X^3\}[/itex]

Also we know Dim V = Dim W + Dim W^per

Dim V = 5, Dim W = 1, so we should have four polynomials in the basis, not 3!
 
Oh, blast! I suspect then, that they are using a different convention than I am and are using "[itex]P_4[x][/itex]" to mean the four dimensional space of polynomials of degree 3 or less: [itex]\{p| p(x)= a+ bx+ cx^2+ dx^3\}[/itex].

Use Gram-Schmidt to construct an orthonormal basis from [itex]\{1, x, x^2, x^3\}[/itex] and drop "1".
 

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