How to find final kinetic energy for a charged particle

In summary, the problem involves an alpha particle moving under the influence of a uniform electric field with a magnitude of 12.5 kV/m. The final kinetic energy of the alpha particle is unknown. The potential energy formula is used, but it is incorrect as it is for a capacitor, not for a particle in an electric field. The correct formula for potential energy is U = Q_total V_average.
  • #1
Dana Fishel
6
0

Homework Statement


An alpha particle (helium nucleus, charge +2e) starts from rest and travels a distance of 2.5 cm under the influence of a uniform electric field of magnitude 12.5 kV/m. What is the final kinetic energy of the alpha particle?

Homework Equations


U = 1/2 QV = 1/2 C(V^2) = (Q^2)/2C
Q = CV
C = (Eo A)/d

where U = potential energy, Q = charge, C= capacitance, A= area, d = distance, and V = potential difference

The Attempt at a Solution


I tried using U = 1/2 QV by calculating that the charge is 2 times the constant charge of an electron (1.602x10^-19) and used 12.5 kv/m as V (but changed it back to just volts.
U = 0.5 (3.204x10^-19) (12500 v/m)
U = 2.0025x10^-15
But this is wrong. Also, in a practice version of the problem it said that given magnitude = 18.5 kv/m and distance = 1.6 cm the answer would be 9.48x10^-17.
Any help with this problem would be greatly appreciated.
 
Physics news on Phys.org
  • #2
How can you get from the E-field (V/m) to an Energy (Joule = CV)?
This is not a Capacitor ... the general Potential Energy formula is U = Q_total V_average ...
(this gives a ½ for Energy STORED in a Capacitor, but at maximum charge Q and maximum voltage V.)
 

1. How is kinetic energy defined for a charged particle?

Kinetic energy for a charged particle is defined as the energy possessed by the particle due to its motion. It is a measure of the work required to accelerate the particle from rest to its current velocity.

2. What is the formula for calculating final kinetic energy for a charged particle?

The formula for calculating final kinetic energy for a charged particle is: KE = (1/2)mv2, where m is the mass of the particle and v is its final velocity.

3. How does the charge of a particle affect its kinetic energy?

The charge of a particle does not directly affect its kinetic energy. However, if the particle is moving in an electric or magnetic field, the force exerted on the particle due to its charge can change its velocity and, therefore, its kinetic energy.

4. Can the final kinetic energy of a charged particle be negative?

Yes, the final kinetic energy of a charged particle can be negative. This occurs when the particle's initial velocity is greater than its final velocity, resulting in a negative change in kinetic energy.

5. How is the final kinetic energy of a charged particle related to its potential energy?

The final kinetic energy of a charged particle is related to its potential energy through the conservation of energy principle. As the particle moves through an electric or magnetic field, its potential energy may change, but the total energy (kinetic + potential) remains constant.

Similar threads

  • Introductory Physics Homework Help
Replies
2
Views
880
  • Introductory Physics Homework Help
Replies
3
Views
275
  • Introductory Physics Homework Help
Replies
6
Views
667
  • Introductory Physics Homework Help
Replies
3
Views
804
  • Introductory Physics Homework Help
Replies
7
Views
908
  • Introductory Physics Homework Help
Replies
6
Views
317
  • Introductory Physics Homework Help
Replies
14
Views
2K
  • Introductory Physics Homework Help
Replies
1
Views
752
  • Introductory Physics Homework Help
Replies
2
Views
2K
  • Introductory Physics Homework Help
Replies
4
Views
240
Back
Top