How to integrate cos( sin(x) ) from 0 to pi

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The integral of cos(sin(x)) from 0 to π can be transformed using the substitution u = π - x, leading to the equivalence of the integral to sin(cos(x)). This transformation suggests a connection to Bessel functions, specifically J_0(x), which is defined through a similar integral. The discussion highlights the relationship between the integral and Bessel functions, indicating that evaluating the integral may involve recognizing this connection. The integral's value is not explicitly calculated in the discussion but is framed within the context of Bessel functions. Understanding this relationship is crucial for solving the integral effectively.
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Homework Statement



<br /> \int_{0}^{\pi} \cos ( \sin x ) \mbox{d}x<br />

The Attempt at a Solution



If I use u = \pi-x I get :
<br /> \int_{0}^{\pi} \cos ( \sin x ) \mbox{d}x = \int_{0}^{\pi} \sin ( \cos x ) \mbox{d}x<br />

but then what?
 
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That reminds me of a definition of the Bessel function in terms of integrals...
 


So n = 0 here:

J_n(x) = \frac{1}{\pi} \int_{0}^{\pi} \cos (n \tau - x \sin \tau) \,\mathrm{d}\tau.
 


dirk_mec1 said:
So n = 0 here:

J_n(x) = \frac{1}{\pi} \int_{0}^{\pi} \cos (n \tau - x \sin \tau) \,\mathrm{d}\tau.

Sure. n=0, x=1.
 
Question: A clock's minute hand has length 4 and its hour hand has length 3. What is the distance between the tips at the moment when it is increasing most rapidly?(Putnam Exam Question) Answer: Making assumption that both the hands moves at constant angular velocities, the answer is ## \sqrt{7} .## But don't you think this assumption is somewhat doubtful and wrong?

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