I must understand connectivity wrong, because my book says this. The

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The discussion centers on the concept of simply connected spaces in topology, specifically addressing the misconception regarding the connectivity of regions between concentric spheres. The user questions how a region with a "hole" can still be considered simply connected, referencing the open unit ball with a line removed as an example. It is established that such holes do not impact simply connectedness as they are not detected by the fundamental group, π₁, but can be identified by the second homotopy group, π₂.

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  • Familiarity with homotopy groups, specifically π₁ and π₂.
  • Knowledge of concentric spheres and their properties in Euclidean space.
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I must understand connectivity wrong, because my book says this. The region between to concentric spheres is simply connected? How is this possible when there is clearly a hole in the middle of this region?
 
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That kind of "hole" doesn't prevent you from continuously shrinking a closed curve to a point. It would have to be a hole shaped like a cylinder or something, that goes all the way through the sphere. Consider e.g. the open unit ball with a line removed: ##\{x\in\mathbb R^3:\|x\|<1\}-\{x\in\mathbb R^3: x_1=x_2=0\}##.
 


Is a sphere, which has a hole in the middle, not simply connected? Note that this is really the same as your example, since your region deformation retracts onto a sphere.

The kind of hole you're noticing doesn't affect simply connectedness - it isn't detected by \pi_1. (But it is detected by \pi_2.)
 

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