Instruments to measure plasmas besides Langmuir probes?

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SUMMARY

This discussion focuses on alternative instruments for measuring plasma density in conditions unsuitable for Langmuir probes, specifically in plasmas with a density of <5x10^19/m^3 and a temperature of 10 eV. Capacitive probes are suggested as a viable option, functioning similarly to Langmuir probes but capable of operating in hotter and denser environments. Additionally, millimeter-wave interferometry is proposed, utilizing phase shifts in microwave signals to infer plasma density through wave-particle interactions.

PREREQUISITES
  • Understanding of plasma physics and properties
  • Familiarity with Langmuir probe operation and limitations
  • Knowledge of capacitive probe design and functionality
  • Basics of millimeter-wave interferometry and its applications in plasma measurement
NEXT STEPS
  • Research the design and application of capacitive probes in high-density plasmas
  • Explore millimeter-wave interferometry techniques for plasma diagnostics
  • Study the principles of wave-particle interactions in plasmas
  • Investigate alternative plasma measurement techniques beyond Langmuir probes
USEFUL FOR

Researchers and engineers in plasma physics, experimental physicists working with high-density plasmas, and anyone involved in the development of diagnostic tools for plasma measurement.

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If a plasma is created at one end of a solenoid and heads down towards a target with a density and temperature too high for Langmuir probes, what other instruments can measure the density with a strong signal that is easy to interpret?
 
To be more specific, the plasma has a density <5x10^19/m^3 and 10eV temperature.

I was thinking either capacitive probes as, depending on the design, these can work in hotter/denser plasmas than Langmuir probes. They are really just a Langmuir probe without an exposed metallic tip when it comes down to it though, and work on a similar principle.

Also, perhaps millimeter-wave interferometry because when a microwave signal is passed through the plasma, where wave-particle interactions with the electrons cause a phase shift in the signal. The phase shift between this signal and a reference beam path is measured, and density information can be inferred.
 

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