Integral Analysis Using "Cauchy Residue Theorem

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Discussion Overview

The discussion revolves around the analytical evaluation of a specific integral using the Cauchy Residue Theorem. Participants explore the poles and residues of the integrand, as well as numerical integration challenges, while considering the implications of various parameter values.

Discussion Character

  • Exploratory, Technical explanation, Debate/contested, Mathematical reasoning

Main Points Raised

  • One participant seeks an analytical solution for the integral involving an exponential function and a complex denominator, questioning the existence of a numerical solution.
  • Another participant identifies the poles of the integrand and provides the residue for a 5th order pole at zero, but notes the difficulty in finding a complete solution for all parameter values.
  • A different participant claims to have solved the integral but reports discrepancies, asking for help with the residue at a specific pole while assuming certain parameter conditions.
  • One participant suggests that the residue at the 5th order pole at zero may be zero, based on a limit process.
  • A participant expresses frustration with numerical integration attempts, stating that some integrals diverge and raises the possibility that an integral could be analytically solvable but not numerically integrable.

Areas of Agreement / Disagreement

Participants express differing views on the residues and the behavior of the integral under various parameter conditions. There is no consensus on the final results or the implications of the findings, indicating ongoing debate and exploration.

Contextual Notes

Participants note that the location of poles and the evaluation of residues depend on the parameters M, N, f, and ζ, with some suggesting that specific assumptions about these parameters could lead to more definitive results. The discussion highlights the complexity of the integral and the challenges in both analytical and numerical approaches.

Mitra
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I would like to find the attached integral analytically by using “Cauchy Residue Theorem”.
I am wondering if there is any numerical solution for this integral.

Thanks

[tex]\int {\frac {\exp(-M\omega) \exp(iN\omega)} {\omega^5(\frac{\omega^4}{f^4} + \frac{(\omega^2)(4\zeta^2-2)}{f^2}+ 1)}d\omega[/tex]

from 0 to [tex]\infty[/tex]

Where [tex]M[/tex], [tex]N[/tex], [tex]f[/tex] and [tex]\zeta[/tex] are known.
 
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All I can do for you is find the poles and evaluate the residues. I am unable to build a complete solution that works for all values of parameters, when attempting to select a contour and see if the imaginary parts go to zero and so forth.

This is the residue of the 5th order pole at 0:

[tex] \frac{f^4 (M-i n)^4-24 f^2 \left(2 z^2-1\right) (M-i n)^2+24<br /> \left(16 z^4-16 z^2+3\right)}{24 f^4}[/tex]

Here are the four poles of the denominator which due not occur at 0:

[tex] \left\{-\sqrt{f^2 \left(1-2 z^2\right)-2 \sqrt{f^4 z^2<br /> \left(z^2-1\right)}},\sqrt{f^2 \left(1-2 z^2\right)-2 \sqrt{f^4<br /> z^2 \left(z^2-1\right)}},<br /> <br /> -\sqrt{\left(1-2 z^2\right) f^2+2<br /> \sqrt{f^4 z^2 \left(z^2-1\right)}},\sqrt{\left(1-2 z^2\right)<br /> f^2+2 \sqrt{f^4 z^2 \left(z^2-1\right)}}\right\}[/tex]

Here are the four residues of the function corresponding to the four poles above:

[tex] <br /> \left\{\frac{e^{(M-i n) \sqrt{f^2 \left(1-2 z^2\right)-2 \sqrt{f^4<br /> z^2 \left(z^2-1\right)}}} f^4}{8 \sqrt{f^4 z^2<br /> \left(z^2-1\right)} \left(\left(2 z^2-1\right) f^2+2 \sqrt{f^4<br /> z^2 \left(z^2-1\right)}\right)^3},<br /> <br /> \frac{e^{-(M-i n) \sqrt{f^2<br /> \left(1-2 z^2\right)-2 \sqrt{f^4 z^2 \left(z^2-1\right)}}}<br /> f^4}{8 \sqrt{f^4 z^2 \left(z^2-1\right)} \left(\left(2<br /> z^2-1\right) f^2+2 \sqrt{f^4 z^2<br /> \left(z^2-1\right)}\right)^3},<br /> <br /> \frac{e^{(M-i n) \sqrt{\left(1-2<br /> z^2\right) f^2+2 \sqrt{f^4 z^2 \left(z^2-1\right)}}} f^4}{8<br /> \sqrt{f^4 z^2 \left(z^2-1\right)} \left(\left(1-2 z^2\right)<br /> f^2+2 \sqrt{f^4 z^2<br /> \left(z^2-1\right)}\right)^3},<br /> <br /> \frac{e^{-(M-i n) \sqrt{\left(1-2<br /> z^2\right) f^2+2 \sqrt{f^4 z^2 \left(z^2-1\right)}}} f^4}{8<br /> \sqrt{f^4 z^2 \left(z^2-1\right)} \left(\left(1-2 z^2\right)<br /> f^2+2 \sqrt{f^4 z^2 \left(z^2-1\right)}\right)^3}\right\}<br /> [/tex]

The location of the poles depends in general on your parameters m, n , z etc., so I cannot give the final result unless you supply assumptions on the parameters, for example if M, N,f, and zeta are real and positive, we might be able to narrow it down (probably not). You mentioned integrating numerically, and that would go fine since this function is not ill-behaved, except mildy with respect to analytical methods.

Edit: Perhaps someone can help me get these LaTeX monsters to display correctly, on our precious forum of limited width.
 
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Residue

We assume that [tex]M[/tex], [tex]N[/tex], [tex]f[/tex]and [tex]\zeta[/tex] are real and positive and [tex]\zeta\ll 1[/tex].

Actually I solved the integral but I found some discrepancies.

I would like to find the residue at following pole.
[tex]-f\sqrt{(1-2 \zeta^2) - i2\zeta \sqrt{ (1-\zeta^2)}}[/tex]

As I mentioned [tex]\zeta\ll 1[/tex] so I did some simplifications and I found:

[tex](\frac{1}{8 (f^4)}) (e^{-f( ( -M+N\zeta) + i( M\zeta+N)}}) (-6+\frac{i}{\zeta})[/tex]

I would appreciate if you could help me on this residue.
 
Last edited:
Residue of poles of 5th order at 0

The integrand has poles of 5th order at 0, to find residue may be we should

[tex] \lim {\frac{d^4}{d\omega^4}\frac {\omega^5 e^{-M\omega} e^{iN\omega}} {\omega^5(\frac{\omega^4}{f^4} + \frac{(\omega^2)(4\zeta^2-2)}{f^2}+ 1)}[/tex]
[tex]\omega\rightarrow 0[/tex]

and in that case the residue is zero!
 
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Numerical Integration

I could not obtain the numerical answer for following integrals, actually they tend to infinity.

[tex]\int {\frac {(e^{-M\omega}) \cos(N\omega)} {\omega^5(\frac{\omega^4}{f^4} + \frac{(\omega^2)(4\zeta^2-2)}{f^2}+ 1)}d\omega[/tex]

[tex]\int {\frac {(e^{-M\omega}) \sin(N\omega)} {\omega^5(\frac{\omega^4}{f^4} + \frac{(\omega^2)(4\zeta^2-2)}{f^2}+ 1)}d\omega[/tex]

[tex]\omega[/tex] from 0 to [tex]\infty[/tex]

I am wondering if it is possible that one could be integrated analytically but not numerically.
 
Last edited:

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