Intensities from the Michelson Beamsplitter

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SUMMARY

The discussion focuses on the phase shifts experienced by light when interacting with an asymmetric beamsplitter, specifically in the context of the equations governing the output intensities. The equation E_{out1}=rE_2+tE_1 is analyzed, where E_1=-rE_{in}e^{i\phi} reflects a 180-degree phase shift due to the higher refractive index of the material. The absence of a phase shift in E_2 is clarified, as it reflects off the inner surface of the beamsplitter without encountering a higher refractive index. The composite Fresnel coefficient 't' is highlighted as a critical factor in understanding the transmission through the beamsplitter.

PREREQUISITES
  • Understanding of Fresnel equations and phase shifts in optics
  • Knowledge of asymmetric beamsplitters and their configurations
  • Familiarity with complex exponential notation in wave equations
  • Basic principles of laser optics and monochromatic light
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  • Study the derivation and application of Fresnel equations in optical systems
  • Explore the design and functionality of anti-reflection coatings on optical components
  • Investigate the behavior of light in asymmetric beamsplitters and their practical applications
  • Learn about the implications of phase shifts in interferometry and laser applications
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Optical engineers, physicists, and students studying laser optics or photonics who seek to deepen their understanding of light behavior in beamsplitters and related optical devices.

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(A laser monochromatic laser is shone in from the left, that's E_{in}.)

[PLAIN]http://img820.imageshack.us/img820/6184/beamsplitter.png

In the lecture notes, it says that:

E_{out1}=rE_2+tE_1, where E_1=-rE_{in}e^{i\phi} and E_2=tE_{in}e^{i\phi}

I don't really understand the signs (+/-) here.

According to the Fresnel equations, light reflecting off a material with a higher refractive index will experience a 180 degree phase shift, hence the minus sign in the E_1 equation. But then why isn't there also a minus sign here: E_{out1}=(-)rE_2+tE_1, is E_2 not also reflecting off a material with higher refractive index?

Thanks
 
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This is an asymmetric beamsplitter as it necessarily is, with an AR (anti-reflection) coating on one of the faces. If ## E_{out1} ## is down below, and ## E_2 ## coming from the right, with ## E_1 ## coming from above, they have the uncoated surface of the beamsplitter as being the upper surface, so that the reflection of ## E_{inc} ## is off the higher index as it goes to the upper mirror and becomes ## E_1 ## and gets a ## \pi ## phase change=-1 factor , and the ## E_2 ## coming from the right mirror reflects off the inside of the beam splitter, so there is no ## \pi ## phase change. It should be noted their ## t ## is actually a composite Fresnel coefficient that results from crossing both the surface with the AR coating and the surface that has no AR coating. See also: https://www.physicsforums.com/threads/if-maxwells-equations-are-linear.969743/#post-6159689
 

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