Ion naming confusion with the bi prefix

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SUMMARY

The discussion clarifies the use of the "bi" prefix in ion nomenclature, specifically regarding oxyanions like phosphate and arsenate. The term "bicarbonate" refers to [HCO₃]⁻, while phosphate is denoted as PO₄³⁻, hydrogen phosphate as [HPO₄]²⁻, and dihydrogen phosphate as [H₂PO₄]⁻. The term "biphosphate" is not correctly applied to any of these ions, as it is considered outdated and primarily associated with diprotic acid salts. The confusion arises from the historical context of the "bi" prefix, which is no longer relevant for these oxyanions.

PREREQUISITES
  • Understanding of oxyanion nomenclature
  • Familiarity with protonation states of ions
  • Knowledge of phosphate and arsenate chemical structures
  • Basic chemistry terminology regarding acids and salts
NEXT STEPS
  • Research the historical context of ion nomenclature, focusing on the "bi" prefix
  • Study the differences between phosphate, hydrogen phosphate, and dihydrogen phosphate
  • Explore the nomenclature of arsenate and its protonated forms
  • Learn about modern naming conventions in inorganic chemistry
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Chemistry students, educators, and professionals involved in chemical nomenclature and ion classification will benefit from this discussion.

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Ion naming confusion with the "bi" prefix

I am little confused on when you use the "bi" prefix to denote the existence of a proton in front of an oxyanion.

For example, I know that [HCO_{3}]^{-} is called bicarbonate as well as hydrogen carbonate.

A problem arises when I try to define the various protonated versions of the phosphate and arsenate ions.

PO_{4}^{3-} is phosphate...
[HPO_{4}]^{2-} is hydrogen phosphate if I am not wrong...
[H_{2}PO_{4}]^{-} is dihydrogen phosphate if I am not wrong...

But which of the above three would be referred to as the "biphosphate" ion??

I assume an analagous situation works for the arsenate ion? AsO_{4}^{3-}
 
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"Bi"is outdated, as far as I know it was used for diprotic acids salts whenever they were neutralized only halfway (so it won't make sense for phosphates). But I can be wrong.
 

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