Ionization potentials, quantum defects

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SUMMARY

The discussion focuses on calculating the quantum defects \(\delta(0)\) and \(\delta(1)\) for potassium (Z=19) using its first ionization potential of 4.34 eV and the 4p to 4s transition wavelength of approximately 768 nm. The equation \(E_{nl} = -\frac{R_H}{[n-\delta(l)]^2}\) is employed to derive the quantum defects. The user encountered a quadratic equation leading to multiple solutions for \(\delta(0)\), resulting in excessive degeneracy for \(\delta(1)\). The discussion seeks assistance in resolving the equations accurately.

PREREQUISITES
  • Understanding of quantum mechanics principles, specifically ionization potentials.
  • Familiarity with the Rydberg formula and its application in atomic transitions.
  • Knowledge of the concept of quantum defects in atomic physics.
  • Basic proficiency in solving quadratic equations.
NEXT STEPS
  • Research the Rydberg formula and its application to hydrogen-like atoms.
  • Study quantum defect theory and its implications for atomic transitions.
  • Learn how to derive and solve quadratic equations in the context of physical problems.
  • Explore the relationship between ionization potentials and atomic energy levels.
USEFUL FOR

Students and researchers in atomic physics, particularly those studying quantum mechanics and atomic transitions, will benefit from this discussion. It is especially relevant for those working on problems involving ionization potentials and quantum defects.

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Homework Statement


The first ionization potential of potassium (Z=19) is 4.34eV, and the 4p--->4s transition occurs at approximately 768nm. Use this information to find the values of the quantum defects \delta(0) and \delta(1) for potassium, and hence to estimate the wavelength of the 6p--->4s transition.


Homework Equations


E_{nl} = -\frac{R_H}{[n-\delta(l)]^2} will definitely be used, but I can't see what else at the moment.


The Attempt at a Solution


I've said so far that \frac{hc}{768*10^{-9}} = R_H(\frac{1}{[4- \delta (1)]^2} - \frac{1}{[4- \delta (0)]^2}).

I've also said that the 4.34eV ionization potential is the energy required to remove the outermost electron from its 4s state to infinity. So if I substitue in n=infinity into the equation along with n=4 and l=0 I should be able to solve the equation for \delta(0). I've done this and I get two values of \delta(0) (as I expected, because its a quadratic term on the bottom of the equation), but this seems to lead to far too much degeneracy in the answer. With 2 values for delta0 this leads to 4 values for delta1.

Help please anyone??
 
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Use the above equation along with:

IE = -\frac{R_H}{[4-\delta(0)]^2}

That's 2 equations in 2 unknowns.
 

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