Is $10^a\lt 127$ True for the Real Root of $x^3-3x-3=0$?

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Discussion Overview

The discussion centers around the inequality $10^a < 127$, where $a$ is defined as the real root of the equation $x^3 - 3x - 3 = 0$. Participants are exploring methods to prove this inequality, with a focus on mathematical reasoning and problem-solving techniques.

Discussion Character

  • Mathematical reasoning, Debate/contested

Main Points Raised

  • Some participants propose to prove the inequality $10^a < 127$ based on the properties of the real root $a$ of the polynomial $x^3 - 3x - 3 = 0$.
  • One participant expresses frustration over a previous solution that they believed was correct but later realized was flawed, indicating a need to explore alternative methods.
  • Another participant acknowledges contributions from others, suggesting collaborative exploration of different approaches to the problem.

Areas of Agreement / Disagreement

The discussion appears to contain multiple competing views, as participants are working through their own solutions and methods without reaching a consensus on the validity of any particular approach.

Contextual Notes

Some participants mention specific methods and ideas but do not resolve the mathematical steps or assumptions necessary to prove the inequality.

anemone
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Given $a$ is the real root for $x^3-3x-3=0$, prove that $10^a\lt 127$.
 
Last edited:
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anemone said:
Given $a$ is the real root for $x^3-3x-3=0$, prove that $10^a\lt 127$.
my solution:
let $f(x)=x^3-3x-3$
$f(2.10351)<0,f(2.10381)>0$
there is a real solution "a" satisfying $2.10351<a<2.10381$
but $log 127\approx 2.10381$
$\therefore 10^a<127$
 
Last edited:
anemone said:
Given $a$ is the real root for $x^3-3x-3=0$, prove that $10^a\lt 127$.

$$a=2\cosh\left(\dfrac13\cosh^{-1}\left(\dfrac32\right)\right)=\left(\dfrac{3+\sqrt5}{2}\right)^{1/3}+\left(\dfrac{3-\sqrt5}{2}\right)^{1/3}<\log(127)$$

...but I don't have proof. :(
 
I made a silly blunder...I thought I solved this problem elegantly and so I posted this problem as a challenge...and now that the time has come for me to post my solution, I realize my solution doesn't work. (Angry):o

I have to admit this and I will continue to work on this problem and hopefully, I can crack using a different method than Albert's (thanks Albert for participating) and perhaps work on the idea provided by greg1313.
 
My solution:

It will suffice to show that:

$$a<\log(127)$$

If we define:

$$f(x)=x^3-3x-3$$

A quick sign check shows us:

$$f(2)=2^3-3(2)-3=-1$$

$$f(3)=3^3-3(3)-3=15$$

So, we know $2<a<3$...and since $10^2<127<10^3$, we also know $2<\log(127)<3$. And so, we may begin the continued fraction representation of each by stating:

$$a\approx[2;\cdots]$$

$$\log(127)\approx[2;\cdots]$$

For the purpose of continuing the computation of the continued fraction representation of $\log(127)$, we will use:

$$\log(127)=2+\log(1.27)$$

To get the next partial quotient for $a$, we will make the substitution:

$$x=\frac{1}{x_1}+2$$

and we then find:

$$f_1\left(x_1\right)=x_1^3f\left(\frac{1}{x_1}+2\right)=x_1^3\left(\left(\frac{2x_1+1}{x_1}\right)^3-3\left(\frac{2x_1+1}{x_1}\right)-3\right)=-x_1^3+9x_1^2+6x_1+1$$

We then observe:

$$f_1(9)=55$$

$$f_1(10)=-39$$

And so we have:

$$a\approx[2;9,\cdots]$$

And using the iterative method outlined >>here<<, we confirm that:

$$1.27^9<10<1.27^{10}$$

Hence:

$$\log(127)\approx[2;9,\cdots]$$

So, we find the next partial quotient for $a$:

$$f_2\left(x_2\right)=x_2^3f_1\left(\frac{9x_2+1}{x_2}\right)=x_2^3\left(-\left(\frac{9x_2+1}{x_2}\right)^3+9\left(\frac{9x_2+1}{x_2}\right)^2+6\left(\frac{9x_2+1}{x_2}\right)+1\right)=55x_2^3-75x_2^2-18x_2-1$$

We find:

$$f_2(1)=-39$$

$$f_2(2)=103$$

Thus:

$$a\approx[2;9,1,\cdots]$$

And we then confirm:

$$\left(\frac{10}{1.27^9}\right)^1<1.27<\left(\frac{10}{1.27^9}\right)^2$$

Hence:

$$\log(127)\approx[2;9,1,\cdots]$$

Continuing this process, we eventually find:

$$a\approx[2;9,1,1,1,2,1,\cdots]$$

$$\log(127)\approx[2;9,1,1,1,2,4,\cdots]$$

And so we may now conclude:

$$a<\log(127)$$
 
Awesome, MarkFL!(Yes):cool:
 

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