Is Continuously Differentiable Imply Fourier Coefficients in l^1?

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In summary, a function is continuously differentiable if it has a continuous derivative, Fourier coefficients are used in representing periodic functions as a sum of sines and cosines, l^1 is closely related to Fourier coefficients and a function must meet certain conditions to have Fourier coefficients in l^1, and if a function is continuously differentiable and has Fourier coefficients in l^1, the Fourier series representation of the function converges absolutely and uniformly, which has practical implications in signal processing and other fields.
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Euge
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Here is this week's POTW:

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Let $f : \Bbb S^1\subset \Bbb C \to \Bbb C$ be a continuous map. Show that if $f$ is continuously differentiable on $\Bbb S^1$, then its Fourier coefficient sequence $\{\hat{f}_n\}_{n\in \Bbb Z}$ belongs to $\ell^1(\Bbb Z)$.-----

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This week's problem was correctly solved by Opalg. You can read his solution below.
Integrate by parts to get $$\widehat{f}_{\!n} = \frac1{2\pi}\int_0^{2\pi}f(x)e^{-inx}dx = \frac1{2\pi}\Bigl[\, f(x)\frac{e^{-inx}}{-in}\Bigr]_0^{2\pi} + \frac1{2\pi in}\int_0^{2\pi}f'(x)e^{-inx}dx = \frac1{in}\widehat{f'}_{\!n}. $$ Since $f'$ is continuous on the compact space $\Bbb{S}^1$ it is square-integrable. So by Parseval's theorem its Fourier coefficient sequence $\{\widehat{f'}_{\!n}\}$ is in $\ell^2(\Bbb {Z})$. It then follows from the Cauchy–Schwarz inequality that $$ \sum_{n\in\Bbb{Z}}|\widehat{f}_{\!n}| = \sum_{n\in\Bbb{Z}}\Bigl|\frac1{in}\widehat{f'}_n\Bigr| \leqslant \Bigl(\sum_{n\in\Bbb{Z}}\Bigl|\frac1{n^2}\Bigr|\Bigr)^{1/2} \Bigl(\sum_{n\in\Bbb{Z}}\bigl|\,\widehat{f'}_{\!n}\bigr|^2\Bigr)^{1/2} < \infty.$$
 

1. What does it mean for a function to be continuously differentiable?

A function is continuously differentiable if it has a continuous derivative, meaning the derivative exists and is a continuous function itself. This means that the graph of the function has no sharp turns or corners, and can be drawn without lifting your pencil.

2. What are Fourier coefficients?

Fourier coefficients are the coefficients used in Fourier series, which is a way of representing a periodic function as a sum of sines and cosines. These coefficients represent the amplitude and frequency of each sine and cosine term in the series.

3. How is l^1 related to Fourier coefficients?

l^1, also known as the space of absolutely summable sequences, is closely related to Fourier coefficients because the coefficients of a Fourier series must belong to this space in order for the series to converge. This means that the sum of the absolute values of the coefficients must be finite.

4. Does continuously differentiable imply Fourier coefficients in l^1 for all functions?

No, continuously differentiable functions do not always have Fourier coefficients in l^1. There are certain conditions that must be met for a function to have Fourier coefficients in l^1, such as being periodic and piecewise continuous with a finite number of discontinuities.

5. What are the implications of continuously differentiable implying Fourier coefficients in l^1?

If a function is continuously differentiable and also has Fourier coefficients in l^1, it means that the Fourier series representation of the function converges absolutely and uniformly. This has practical implications in signal processing and other fields where Fourier series are commonly used.

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