Is Full Ionization Necessary for Nuclear Fusion?

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    Atomic Fusion States
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Discussion Overview

The discussion centers around the necessity of full ionization for nuclear fusion, exploring whether fully ionized atoms are required for nuclei to come into contact and achieve fusion. The scope includes theoretical considerations, technical explanations, and implications for fusion reactors and bombs.

Discussion Character

  • Debate/contested
  • Technical explanation
  • Conceptual clarification

Main Points Raised

  • One participant questions whether "fully ionized" means that atoms have lost all their electrons.
  • Another participant argues that at the high temperatures required for fusion, light atoms will likely be fully ionized due to their few electrons.
  • It is noted that fusion reactors and bombs primarily use isotopes of hydrogen, which have only one electron, suggesting that full ionization may be less critical.
  • A participant mentions that at the core temperature of the sun (around 15 million kelvins), electrons cannot remain associated with protons or nuclei.
  • Another participant adds that lithium is used in some fusion designs because it can produce tritium when bombarded with neutrons, which is a fuel source but difficult to store.
  • One participant posits that while it may be difficult to bring atomic nuclei into contact if electron shells are present, full ionization is not strictly necessary for fusion to occur.
  • Another participant states that while ionization may not be required for fusion, current theories suggest that achieving plasma conditions conducive to significant fusion energy gain necessitates ionization.

Areas of Agreement / Disagreement

Participants express differing views on the necessity of full ionization for nuclear fusion. Some argue that it is essential for achieving the conditions needed for fusion, while others suggest that fusion can occur without full ionization under certain circumstances. The discussion remains unresolved.

Contextual Notes

There are varying assumptions about the conditions under which fusion occurs, including the role of electron shells and the specific requirements for achieving plasma states. The discussion does not resolve these assumptions.

v_pino
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To initiate fusion, it says that the nuclei of each atom need to come into contact. And these atoms therefore need to be fully ionised for this to occur.

Does FULLY ionised mean that the atoms have lost ALL their electrons?

thanks :)
 
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I don't think not being ionized is a problem at all. It's just that at temperatures high enough to get fusion, the atoms, which are all light atoms with just a few electrons, will be fully ionised.
 
Fusion reactors as well as bombs use isotopes of hydrogen, so that the atoms have only one electron to start with.
 
At the temperature around 15 million kelvins in the core of the sun, you couldn't get any electrons to remain with protons or with nuclei.
 
mathman said:
Fusion reactors as well as bombs use isotopes of hydrogen, so that the atoms have only one electron to start with.

I believe Lithium is also used.
 
Lithium is used in some designs because when it is bombarded with nuetrons it produces the hydrogen isotope tritium, which can be sued as fuel but is extremely difficult to store, so it needs to be manufactured and then used straight away.

As for ionization being necessary;

I think the main reason for this is that it is impossible (or at least difficult in the extreme) to bring two atomic nuclei into direct contact with one another (within range of the strong nuclear force) if they still have electron shells.
 
You can easily generate DT fusion neutrons by bombarding a tritiated solid target with deuterons, so you don't have to ionize the atoms to get fusion. You do have to ionize everything, however (according to all currently-believable theories), in order to generate plasma conditions that would allow significant fusion energy gain.
 

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