Is the sample mean and variance always unbiased?

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SUMMARY

The sample mean, calculated as \(\sum{x_i}/n\), and the sample variance, defined as \(\frac{1}{n-1}\sum{(x_i-\bar{x})^2}\), are unbiased estimators of the true expected value and variance of a random variable \(X\) when \(x_i\) are independent and identically distributed (iid) samples. While the sample mean and variance are maximum likelihood estimators (MLE) for specific distributions such as the normal and Poisson, they remain unbiased for all distributions under the iid assumption. Simulations conducted in R confirm that both estimators yield unbiased results across various distributions.

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  • Understanding of statistical concepts such as sample mean and sample variance.
  • Familiarity with independent and identically distributed (iid) random variables.
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  • Explore the properties of unbiased estimators in statistics.
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  • Investigate the implications of the Central Limit Theorem on sample mean and variance.
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I'm wondering if the sample mean \sum{x_i}/n and sample variance \frac{1}{n-1}\sum{(x_i-\bar{x})^2} is always an unbiased estimate of the true expected value and variance of the random variable X, where x_i are iid samples. Or at least asymptotically unbiased.

I don't think it is, since the sample mean (and variance) is only the MLE of a few distributions, like the normal and poisson. So I see no reason for it to be unbiased for all distributions.

However, I've been running some simulations on R, and I cannot seem to find an example of a distribution where the sample mean isn't unbiased, same for the sample variance.
 
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Is it Hypothesis Testing ?
 
xiaoB said:
Is it Hypothesis Testing ?
No, not hypothesis testing. I just want to know, given some numbers from any unknown distribution, whether if I use the sample mean and sample variance, I will get an unbiased estimate for the true mean and variance.
 

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