Is the Spontaneous Reaction of Hydrogen and Oxygen Dependent on Temperature?

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Discussion Overview

The discussion centers on the conditions under which the reaction between hydrogen and oxygen becomes spontaneous, specifically focusing on the temperature dependency of this reaction. Participants explore the concept of spontaneity in chemical reactions, referencing thermodynamic principles and the auto-ignition temperature of hydrogen in air.

Discussion Character

  • Exploratory
  • Technical explanation
  • Conceptual clarification
  • Debate/contested

Main Points Raised

  • Some participants inquire about the specific temperature at which the reaction 2H2O --> 2H2 + O2 becomes spontaneous.
  • One participant mentions the auto-ignition temperature of hydrogen in air at STP as roughly 530°C, noting that this value can vary based on concentration.
  • A participant defines spontaneity in terms of Gibbs free energy, stating that a reaction is spontaneous when deltaG < 0, and suggests a temperature of about 1750 K for this reaction.
  • Another participant questions the assumptions made regarding the Gibbs values and the linear relationship between Gibbs free energy and temperature, particularly at standard conditions.
  • Concerns are raised about the reverse reaction occurring at lower temperatures, with a participant noting that hydrogen and oxygen do not spontaneously react until an external flame is introduced.

Areas of Agreement / Disagreement

Participants express uncertainty regarding the exact temperature for spontaneity and the definitions involved, indicating that multiple competing views remain on the topic. The discussion does not reach a consensus on the specific conditions for spontaneity.

Contextual Notes

Limitations include potential assumptions about the linearity of Gibbs free energy with temperature and the lack of consensus on the specific temperature for spontaneity. The discussion also highlights the distinction between thermodynamic spontaneity and kinetic barriers to reaction.

Curl
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Hydrogen and Oxygen "burn"

Does anyone know the temperature at which this reaction becomes spontaneous?

2H2O--> 2H2 + O2

I can't find my book with thermodynamic data, but it should be cake for you guys.

Thanks.
 
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Curl said:
Does anyone know the temperature at which this reaction becomes spontaneous?

2H2O--> 2H2 + O2

I can't find my book with thermodynamic data, but it should be cake for you guys.

Thanks.

What is the definition of spontaneity?
 


The auto-ignition temperature of hydrogen in air at STP is roughly 530'C depending on concentration and what not.

sjb-2812 said:
What is the definition of spontaneity?

I think he just means at what temperature will a self-sustaining redox reaction occur.
 


The definition of a 'spontaneous reaction' is deltaG < 0, although I think sjb-2812 might've been asking that rhetorically.

The number I get for that is about 1750 K.
 


Thanks alxm.

I'm assuming you did this for 1atm pressure right? And how did you get the Gibbs values for the substances at those temperatures? Is it accurate to assume a linear relationship between G and temperature? Most tables I've seen offer values for 25C or so.

Also, what keeps the reverse reaction from happening at temperatures lower than this? I've seen H2 and O2 in a balloon and it didn't spontaneously react into water until a flame was brought up. What happens there? I haven't studied kinetics much, all I know is from stat mech.
 

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