Is This Maclaurin Series Expansion Correct?

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Discussion Overview

The discussion revolves around the expansion of the function \( f(z) = \frac{2z}{(1-z)^2} \) into a Maclaurin series and the determination of its radius of convergence. Participants explore the mathematical steps involved in the series expansion and the implications of changing the function to \( f(z) = \frac{2z}{(1-z)^3} \).

Discussion Character

  • Mathematical reasoning
  • Exploratory
  • Homework-related

Main Points Raised

  • One participant presents a series expansion for \( f(z) = \frac{2z}{(1-z)^2} \) and calculates the radius of convergence as \( R = 1 \).
  • Another participant agrees with the initial expansion and derives that \( \frac{2z}{(1-z)^2} = 2 \sum_{n=0}^{\infty} n z^n \), also noting the radius of convergence is \( R = 1 \).
  • A later post corrects the function to \( f(z) = \frac{2z}{(1-z)^3} \) and seeks clarification on whether the previous answers remain valid.
  • In response to the correction, the participant suggests a new approach involving derivatives, indicating a different series representation for the modified function.

Areas of Agreement / Disagreement

Participants generally agree on the initial expansion and radius of convergence for \( f(z) = \frac{2z}{(1-z)^2} \). However, the discussion becomes unresolved with the introduction of \( f(z) = \frac{2z}{(1-z)^3} \), as participants explore different methods without reaching a consensus on the implications of this change.

Contextual Notes

The discussion includes various mathematical steps and assumptions that may not be fully resolved, particularly regarding the transition from the second to the third power in the denominator and its effect on the series expansion.

aruwin
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Hello.
Could someone check if my solution is correct, please?

Question:
Expand the function into maclaurine series and find its radius of convergence.

$$f(z)=\frac{2z}{(1-z)^2}$$

My solution:
$$f(z)=\frac{2z}{(1-z)^2}=\frac{1}{(1-z)}\frac{2}{(1-z)}\frac{2}{(1-z)^2}$$

Since $$\frac{d}{dz}\frac{1}{1-z}=\frac{1}{(1-z)^2},$$ then

$$f(z)=\sum_{n=0}^{\infty}z^n\times\sum_{n=0}^{\infty}2z^n\times\sum_{n=1}^{\infty}2nz^{n-1}$$

$$f(z)=\sum_{n=0}^{\infty}z^n\times\Bigg(\sum_{n=0}^{\infty}2z^n\times\Bigg(\sum_{n=0}^{\infty}2(n+1)z^n\Bigg)\Bigg)$$

$$f(z)=\sum_{n=0}^{\infty}z^n\times\Bigg(\sum_{n=0}^{\infty}2z^n(n+2)\Bigg)$$

$$f(z)=\sum_{n=0}^{\infty}2z^{2n}(n+2)$$

As for Radius,
$$R=\lim_{{n}\to{\infty}}\Bigg|\frac{n+2}{n+3}\Bigg|=1$$
 
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aruwin said:
Hello.
Could someone check if my solution is correct, please?

Question:
Expand the function into maclaurine series and find its radius of convergence.

$$f(z)=\frac{2z}{(1-z)^2}$$

My solution:
$$f(z)=\frac{2z}{(1-z)^2}=\frac{1}{(1-z)}\frac{2}{(1-z)}\frac{2}{(1-z)^2}$$

Since $$\frac{d}{dz}\frac{1}{1-z}=\frac{1}{(1-z)^2},$$ then

$$f(z)=\sum_{n=0}^{\infty}z^n\times\sum_{n=0}^{\infty}2z^n\times\sum_{n=1}^{\infty}2nz^{n-1}$$

$$f(z)=\sum_{n=0}^{\infty}z^n\times\Bigg(\sum_{n=0}^{\infty}2z^n\times\Bigg(\sum_{n=0}^{\infty}2(n+1)z^n\Bigg)\Bigg)$$

$$f(z)=\sum_{n=0}^{\infty}z^n\times\Bigg(\sum_{n=0}^{\infty}2z^n(n+2)\Bigg)$$

$$f(z)=\sum_{n=0}^{\infty}2z^{2n}(n+2)$$

As for Radius,
$$R=\lim_{{n}\to{\infty}}\Bigg|\frac{n+2}{n+3}\Bigg|=1$$

As You say is...

$\displaystyle \frac{d}{d z} \frac{1}{1-z} = \frac{1}{(1-z)^{2}}\ (1)$

... and because is also...

$\displaystyle \frac{1}{1-z} = \sum_{n=0}^{\infty} z^{n}\ (2)$

... we conclude that...

$\displaystyle \frac{2\ z}{(1-z)^{2}} = 2\ \sum_{n=0}^{\infty} n\ z^{n}\ (3)$

The (2) has radius R=1 and the same is for (3)...

Kind regards

$\chi$ $\sigma$
 
chisigma said:
As You say is...

$\displaystyle \frac{d}{d z} \frac{1}{1-z} = \frac{1}{(1-z)^{2}}\ (1)$

... and because is also...

$\displaystyle \frac{1}{1-z} = \sum_{n=0}^{\infty} z^{n}\ (2)$

... we conclude that...

$\displaystyle \frac{2\ z}{(1-z)^{2}} = 2\ \sum_{n=0}^{\infty} n\ z^{n}\ (3)$

The (2) has radius R=1 and the same is for (3)...

Kind regards

$\chi$ $\sigma$
I am sorry, I made a mistake in the question. The function is actually
to the power of 3, not 2. Would my answer be right, then?
 
Let me rewrite it.

$$f(z)=\frac{2z}{(1-z)^3}$$

My solution:

$$f(z)=\frac{2z}{(1-z)^2}=\frac{1}{(1-z)}\bigg(\frac{2}{(1-z)}+\frac{2}{(1-z)^2}\bigg)$$

$$f(z)=\sum_{n=0}^{\infty}z^n\times\bigg(\sum_{n=0}^{\infty}2z^n+\sum_{n=1}^{\infty}2nz^{n-1}\bigg)$$

$$f(z)=\sum_{n=0}^{\infty}z^n\times\Bigg(\sum_{n=0}^{\infty}2z^n+\Bigg(\sum_{n=0}^{\infty}2(n+1)z^n\Bigg)\Bigg)$$

$$f(z)=\sum_{n=0}^{\infty}z^n\times\Bigg(\sum_{n=0}^{\infty}2z^n(n+2)\Bigg)$$

$$f(z)=\sum_{n=0}^{\infty}2z^{2n}(n+2)$$
 
aruwin said:
I am sorry, I made a mistake in the question. The function is actually
to the power of 3, not 2. Would my answer be right, then?

In this case is...

$\displaystyle f(z) = z\ \frac{d}{d z} \frac{1}{(1 - z)^{2}} = z\ \frac{d^{2}}{d z^{2}} \frac{1}{1 - z} = \sum_{n=0}^{\infty} n\ (n - 1)\ z^{n-1}\ (1)$

Kind regards

$\chi$ $\sigma$
 

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