Is this not mathematical evidence that the universe is an open system?

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SUMMARY

The discussion centers on the implications of viewing the universe as a closed system in relation to the law of conservation of momentum (P = MV) and Hubble's law. It asserts that if the universe were closed, both momentum (P) and mass (M) would need to remain constant, leading to the conclusion that velocity (V) must also be constant. This contradicts Hubble's law, which indicates that the velocity of astronomical bodies is increasing. The argument highlights a fundamental inconsistency in the closed system model of the universe.

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  • Understanding of the law of conservation of momentum
  • Familiarity with Hubble's law and its implications
  • Basic knowledge of the first law of thermodynamics
  • Concept of closed vs. open systems in physics
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Physicists, cosmologists, and students of theoretical physics interested in the foundational principles governing the universe and the implications of system models in cosmology.

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Well, if we consider the universe as a closed, isolated system, then the law of conservation of momentum should kick in.

P = MV

We know that Hubble's law states that the velocity of bodies on an astronomical scale is increasing and P is a constant, so that means M must be decreasing. However, the first law of thermodynamics states that the amount of matter/energy in the universe is also a constant.

Therefore, if the universe is a closed system, P and M must be constant, ergo V must be constant too and that's absurd to say by the means of Hubble's law. Can I be refuted?
 
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If the universe is a closed isolated system, then p is the momentum of its centre of mass(no such thing actually) and v is the velocity of the CM which doesn't depend on the velocities of what constitute it.
 

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