Is work a vector quantity in physics?

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Work is a scalar quantity in physics, despite being derived from two vector quantities: force and displacement. The confusion arises from the belief that scalars can only be positive, which is incorrect; scalars can indeed be negative, as demonstrated by work done against a force. The inner product of vectors can yield negative values when the vectors point in opposite directions, reflecting the work's negative sign in such cases. Understanding that scalars have magnitude and can possess a sign is crucial for grasping concepts in physics. This clarification is essential for accurate comprehension of work and other scalar quantities.
  • #31
haruspex said:
Strictly speaking, ##\mathbb{R}^n## is just the set of n-tuples {(x1,..,xn)}. To make it a vector space you have to specify two sets, the set of vectors and the field of scalars, then define how the vector elements add and what the product of a scalar and a vector is.
That we commonly think of ##\mathbb{R}^n## as the natural vector space ##\{\mathbb{R}^n, \mathbb{R}\}## is just a convenient shorthand.
Is there only one way to do that with ##\mathbb{R}^n## as a set of vectors over the field ##\mathbb{R}##?
What if I take the n-tuples ##\mathbb{C}^n## over the field ##\mathbb{R}##? Doesn't that make a vector space in the obvious way?
The original discussion was regarding ##\mathbb R## itself, not ##\mathbb R^n##. Any field is a vector space over itself without any additional structure as it already has addition and multiplication by scalars. I therefore do not think it makes sense to claim that ##\mathbb R## is not a vector space - it has all of the required properties. That does not mean it cannot also be made into a vector space over a different field, but in itself it has all of the required properties to be called a vector space.
 
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  • #32
haruspex said:
Strictly speaking, ##\mathbb{R}^n## is just the set of n-tuples {(x1,..,xn)}.

What is ##\mathbb{R}## for that matter? Strictly speaking it has no properties until you define it by some sort of construction. It's a set of equivalence classes of Cauchy sequences of rationals if you want to start at the beginning.

There's no reason arbitrarily to decide that ##\mathbb{R}## needs "construction" specifically to be a vector space, but no construction to be a field of scalars.
 
  • #33
PeroK said:
What is ##\mathbb{R}## for that matter? Strictly speaking it has no properties until you define it by some sort of construction. It's a set of equivalence classes of Cauchy sequences of rationals if you want to start at the beginning.

There's no reason arbitrarily to decide that ##\mathbb{R}## needs "construction" specifically to be a vector space, but no construction to be a field of scalars.
##\mathbb{R}## is defined (as I understand it) not just as a set but all the operations and axioms necessary to be a field. I accept that one could also define something else with the same name (a pun) which is a vector space constructed with the elements of the set underlying ##\mathbb{R}## as its vectors, over the field ##\mathbb{R}##, with all the addition and multiplication rules defined in the obvious way.
But it is an interesting question as to whether there is a nonobvious construction that makes a different vector space.
 
  • #34
haruspex said:
##\mathbb{R}## is defined (as I understand it) not just as a set but all the operations and axioms necessary to be a field. I accept that one could also define something else with the same name (a pun) which is a vector space constructed with the elements of the set underlying ##\mathbb{R}## as its vectors, over the field ##\mathbb{R}##, with all the addition and multiplication rules defined in the obvious way.
But it is an interesting question as to whether there is a nonobvious construction that makes a different vector space.
So the idea is that one is using R as the set of elements of the vector space and R as the set of scalars.
With ordinary real addition for the addition of two vectors and ordinary real multiplication for the product of a vector and a scalar.

Given that, I do not see that there is any freedom to define anything non-obvious. Everything is already nailed down.
 
  • #35
jbriggs444 said:
With ordinary real addition for the addition of two vectors and ordinary real multiplication for the product of a vector and a scalar.
Those are choices that nail it down.
My question is whether you could define the vector addition and scalar x vector multiplication differently and still arrive at a structure satisfying vector space axioms. Even if you can, is the resulting vector space isomorphic to the usual one?
 
  • #36
jbriggs444 said:
So the idea is that one is using R as the set of elements of the vector space and R as the set of scalars.
With ordinary real addition for the addition of two vectors and ordinary real multiplication for the product of a vector and a scalar.

Given that, I do not see that there is any freedom to define anything non-obvious. Everything is already nailed down.

Every n-dimensional real vector space is isomorphic to ##\mathbb{R}^n##. You are right, there are no other options.

There is flexibility when you define an inner product or norm.

The starting point for physics, I would say, is that ##\mathbb{R}^3## is a real vector space equipped with the usual inner product, leading to the usual Euclidean 2-Norm: ##|v| = \sqrt{v_1^2 + v_2^2 + v_3^2}##.

When we talk about the magnitude of a vector, there's not any doubt we are talking about the usual 2-Norm.

It's not entirely clear, I guess, when elementary kinematics is taught in one-dimension exactly what is assumed, as an underlying mathematical framework.
 

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