Is work a vector quantity in physics?

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Homework Help Overview

The discussion revolves around the nature of work in physics, specifically whether it is a vector or scalar quantity. Participants explore the definitions and implications of scalar quantities, particularly in relation to work, force, and displacement.

Discussion Character

  • Conceptual clarification, Assumption checking, Mixed

Approaches and Questions Raised

  • Participants question the nature of scalar quantities, particularly whether they can be negative. There is confusion regarding the definitions and implications of work as a scalar quantity, with some participants expressing misconceptions about scalars being exclusively positive.

Discussion Status

The discussion is ongoing, with various interpretations being explored. Some participants have offered clarifications about the nature of scalars and the conditions under which work is calculated. There is recognition of misconceptions that need addressing, but no explicit consensus has been reached.

Contextual Notes

Some participants reference external materials, such as textbooks and images, which may contribute to the confusion. The quality of these references is questioned, and there is a call for more precise communication of definitions and concepts.

  • #31
haruspex said:
Strictly speaking, ##\mathbb{R}^n## is just the set of n-tuples {(x1,..,xn)}. To make it a vector space you have to specify two sets, the set of vectors and the field of scalars, then define how the vector elements add and what the product of a scalar and a vector is.
That we commonly think of ##\mathbb{R}^n## as the natural vector space ##\{\mathbb{R}^n, \mathbb{R}\}## is just a convenient shorthand.
Is there only one way to do that with ##\mathbb{R}^n## as a set of vectors over the field ##\mathbb{R}##?
What if I take the n-tuples ##\mathbb{C}^n## over the field ##\mathbb{R}##? Doesn't that make a vector space in the obvious way?
The original discussion was regarding ##\mathbb R## itself, not ##\mathbb R^n##. Any field is a vector space over itself without any additional structure as it already has addition and multiplication by scalars. I therefore do not think it makes sense to claim that ##\mathbb R## is not a vector space - it has all of the required properties. That does not mean it cannot also be made into a vector space over a different field, but in itself it has all of the required properties to be called a vector space.
 
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  • #32
haruspex said:
Strictly speaking, ##\mathbb{R}^n## is just the set of n-tuples {(x1,..,xn)}.

What is ##\mathbb{R}## for that matter? Strictly speaking it has no properties until you define it by some sort of construction. It's a set of equivalence classes of Cauchy sequences of rationals if you want to start at the beginning.

There's no reason arbitrarily to decide that ##\mathbb{R}## needs "construction" specifically to be a vector space, but no construction to be a field of scalars.
 
  • #33
PeroK said:
What is ##\mathbb{R}## for that matter? Strictly speaking it has no properties until you define it by some sort of construction. It's a set of equivalence classes of Cauchy sequences of rationals if you want to start at the beginning.

There's no reason arbitrarily to decide that ##\mathbb{R}## needs "construction" specifically to be a vector space, but no construction to be a field of scalars.
##\mathbb{R}## is defined (as I understand it) not just as a set but all the operations and axioms necessary to be a field. I accept that one could also define something else with the same name (a pun) which is a vector space constructed with the elements of the set underlying ##\mathbb{R}## as its vectors, over the field ##\mathbb{R}##, with all the addition and multiplication rules defined in the obvious way.
But it is an interesting question as to whether there is a nonobvious construction that makes a different vector space.
 
  • #34
haruspex said:
##\mathbb{R}## is defined (as I understand it) not just as a set but all the operations and axioms necessary to be a field. I accept that one could also define something else with the same name (a pun) which is a vector space constructed with the elements of the set underlying ##\mathbb{R}## as its vectors, over the field ##\mathbb{R}##, with all the addition and multiplication rules defined in the obvious way.
But it is an interesting question as to whether there is a nonobvious construction that makes a different vector space.
So the idea is that one is using R as the set of elements of the vector space and R as the set of scalars.
With ordinary real addition for the addition of two vectors and ordinary real multiplication for the product of a vector and a scalar.

Given that, I do not see that there is any freedom to define anything non-obvious. Everything is already nailed down.
 
  • #35
jbriggs444 said:
With ordinary real addition for the addition of two vectors and ordinary real multiplication for the product of a vector and a scalar.
Those are choices that nail it down.
My question is whether you could define the vector addition and scalar x vector multiplication differently and still arrive at a structure satisfying vector space axioms. Even if you can, is the resulting vector space isomorphic to the usual one?
 
  • #36
jbriggs444 said:
So the idea is that one is using R as the set of elements of the vector space and R as the set of scalars.
With ordinary real addition for the addition of two vectors and ordinary real multiplication for the product of a vector and a scalar.

Given that, I do not see that there is any freedom to define anything non-obvious. Everything is already nailed down.

Every n-dimensional real vector space is isomorphic to ##\mathbb{R}^n##. You are right, there are no other options.

There is flexibility when you define an inner product or norm.

The starting point for physics, I would say, is that ##\mathbb{R}^3## is a real vector space equipped with the usual inner product, leading to the usual Euclidean 2-Norm: ##|v| = \sqrt{v_1^2 + v_2^2 + v_3^2}##.

When we talk about the magnitude of a vector, there's not any doubt we are talking about the usual 2-Norm.

It's not entirely clear, I guess, when elementary kinematics is taught in one-dimension exactly what is assumed, as an underlying mathematical framework.
 

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