Issues collimating my laser with 4f system

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Discussion Overview

The discussion revolves around issues related to collimating a laser using a 4f optical system. Participants explore potential alignment problems and characteristics of the laser beam, including its divergence and asymmetry, while considering the implications of various optical components in the setup.

Discussion Character

  • Exploratory
  • Technical explanation
  • Debate/contested

Main Points Raised

  • One participant describes using a 4f configuration with a large collimated beam (632nm) and notes that the beam's vertical dimension remains constant while the horizontal dimension decreases, suggesting possible alignment issues.
  • Another participant speculates that the laser might be a doubled Nd:YAG, but later corrects themselves, suggesting instead to examine the output beam quality.
  • A different participant proposes that the laser is likely a diode laser, indicating that high power diode lasers often exhibit different divergence in their axes and that collimation may not resolve these issues.
  • The original poster clarifies that they are using a 632nm HeNe laser and describes the system involving a spatial filter and an off-axis parabola, questioning whether the laser could be causing divergence issues.
  • One participant asks about the desired spot size or properties of the output beam, expressing confusion about the need for manipulation as described.
  • Another participant suggests that HeNe lasers typically have good beam quality and questions whether the asymmetry is due to the off-axis parabolic mirror.
  • A participant raises the possibility of beam clipping in the 4f collimator and recommends checking for vertical tilt or offset in the incident beam.
  • One participant suggests rotating the telescope to determine if the narrow and unaltered directions change orientation, which could indicate whether the issue lies with the beam or the telescope.
  • Another participant mentions that the beam may have been astigmatic before entering the 4f telescope, advising to check the upstream optics.

Areas of Agreement / Disagreement

Participants express differing views on the source of the asymmetry and divergence issues, with no consensus reached on the exact cause or solution. Multiple competing hypotheses remain under consideration.

Contextual Notes

Participants note various optical components and configurations, but limitations in their descriptions may affect the understanding of the system's behavior. Specific assumptions about beam quality and characteristics are not fully explored.

skaiser
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TL;DR
Using a 4f system to shrink my collimated beam. After passage through the 4f system my beam is not properly collimated. It becomes narrow in the horizontal direction only. Vertical dimension remains nearly constant.
I am using 2 lenses in a 4f configuration. The input is a large collimated beam (632nm). After passage through the 2 lenses the beams vertical dimension remains constant, however, the horizontal dimension get smaller, as if it is being focused only in the horizontal direction. Does anyone have any suggestions of possible alignment issues I could check that could be contributing to this issue?
 
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Given the wavelength, it sounds to me as if you are running a doubled Nd:YAG. In my experience with pulsed Nd:YAG's, the output beam quality is not always the best. That is where I would start attempting to diagnose the problem.

Edit: Obviously incorrect about it being an Nd:YAG--obviously I cannot divide by 2 any longer. I would still take a very close look at the output beam spot from the LASER.
 
632nm sounds like a diode laser. Nearly all high power diode lasers have different divergence in their two axes. It was probably collimated with cylindrical or aspheric lenses. Your telescope will probably also need lenses like that too. Collimation doesn't fix the divergence issues.
 
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DaveE- I am using a 632nm HeNe. I will describe the entire system a little more clearly..... The HeNe is sent through a spatial filter to replicate a point source very far away. This divergent source is then recollimated by a very large off-axis parabola. This is where my 4f system takes the large collimated beam as input and outputs a smaller beam my sensor array can work with. Do you think that the laser could be causing the issues with divergence in this scenario?
 
What is the spot size, or other properties you ultimately want? The need for manipulating the output beam as you describe is far from obvious to me.
 
Sorry, I think you're above my pay grade now. HeNe's should have good beam quality without asymmetrical axes. Same (probably) with your spatial filter. OTOH an off axis parabolic mirror does sound asymmetric and the result you're reporting is clearly asymmetric. Maybe @Twigg can help?
 
Something sounds very wrong, and I doubt it's related to the off-axis parabolic mirror or the spatial filter. If your beam was that asymmetric before the 4f collimator, you'd be able to tell just by looking at the beam profile on a piece of paper (since it's probably huge after the spatial filter).

Is it possible that your beam is clipping somewhere in the 4f collimator? Based on what you describe, I would suggest looking for a vertical tilt or vertical offset (relative to the optical axis of your 4f collimator) in the incident beam, or a tilt in the 4f system. For large visible beams, try observing the shadow of a pointy movable object with a fixed height. I used to use a vernier height gauge for this purpose and I would observe where the shadow of the tip would be in relation to the center of the beam on a piece of paper. An alley key fastened to an optical post works just as well. I hope that helps!

As always, remember to take precautions for stray reflections when sticking things (even paper) in the beam path.
 
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@Twigg , thank you for the suggestions, I will give these options a try and report back!

Regards
 
The beam was probably astigmatic prior to shrinking using the 4f telescope - it would have been less noticeable with the larger beam. I'd check the upstream optics.
 
  • #10
Sorry, late to the party here.

OP, what happens if you rotate the telescope? Do the narrow vs. unaltered directions rotate with the telescope or stay in the same orientation? That would at least tell you if the issue is with the beam or the telescope.
 
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