Kerr metric hydrostatic equilibrium

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SUMMARY

The discussion centers on the derivation of the Tolman-Oppenheimer-Volkoff (TOV) equation for hydrostatic equilibrium in the context of the Kerr metric in General Relativity. The user expresses difficulty in obtaining the correct derivatives for the Kerr metric, leading to large solutions devoid of derivatives. The conversation highlights the need for an analogous equation to the TOV for the Kerr metric, which remains undetermined. Key equations and metrics, including the Schwarzschild metric and the Kerr metric line element, are referenced to illustrate the complexities involved.

PREREQUISITES
  • Understanding of General Relativity principles
  • Familiarity with the Schwarzschild metric and its line element
  • Knowledge of the Tolman-Oppenheimer-Volkoff equation
  • Proficiency in tensor calculus and differential equations
NEXT STEPS
  • Research the derivation of the Kerr metric and its implications in astrophysics
  • Study the Einstein tensor and its application in hydrostatic equilibrium
  • Explore advanced topics in General Relativity, focusing on rotating black holes
  • Examine Mathematica applications for solving Einstein tensor equations
USEFUL FOR

Physicists, astrophysicists, and students of General Relativity seeking to deepen their understanding of hydrostatic equilibrium in rotating black holes, specifically in relation to the Kerr metric and TOV equations.

Orion1
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I basically understand how the Tolman-Oppenheimer-Volkoff equation for hydrostatic equilibrium was derived from the Schwarzschild metric in General Relativity and from the equation derivatives listed. However, when I attempt to derive the equation derivatives for the Kerr metric, I obtain these extremely large solutions which do not contain any derivatives.

Has the relative analogous equivalent to the Tolman-Oppenheimer-Volkoff equation for hydrostatic equilibrium for the Kerr metric ever been derived?

I am not specifically interested in the proof, only the solution. Although it would be very interesting to examine the proof.

Schwarzschild metric line element:
[tex]ds^2 = e^{\nu (r)} c^2 dt^2 - e^{\lambda (r)} dr^2 - r^2 ( \sin^2 \theta d \phi^2 + d \theta^2)[/tex]

General Relativity:
[tex]G_{\mu \nu} = \frac{8 \pi G}{c^4} T_{\mu \nu}[/tex]

Equation derived from Einstein tensor matrix element [tex]T_{11}[/tex]:
[tex]\frac{8 \pi G P(r)}{c^4} = e^{- \lambda} \left( \frac{1}{r} \frac{d \nu}{dr} + \frac{1}{r^2} \right) - \frac{1}{r^2}[/tex]

[itex]e^{-\lambda} = r^{-1}(r - r_s)[/itex]

Hydrostatic equilibrium equation derived from Einstein tensor matrix elements [tex]T_{11}[/tex] and [tex]T_{22}[/tex]:
[tex]\frac{d \nu}{dr} = \frac{2}{P(r) + \rho(r) c^2} \left( \frac{dP(r)}{dr} \right)[/tex]

Hydrostatic equilibrium:
[tex]\frac{dP(r)}{dr} = - \left( P(r) + \rho(r)c^2 \right) \frac{d \phi}{dr}[/tex]

Tolman-Oppenheimer-Volkoff equation:
[itex]\boxed{\frac{dP(r)}{dr} = -(P(r) + \rho(r) c^2) \left( \frac{4 \pi G r^3 P(r)}{c^4} + \frac{r_s}{2} \right) \left[ r \left( r - r_s \right) \right]^{-1}} \; \; \; (r > r_p) \; \; \; r \neq r_p[/itex]

The Kerr metric line element:
[tex]c^{2} d\tau^{2} = \left( 1 - \frac{r_{s} r}{\rho^{2}} \right) c^{2} dt^{2} - \frac{\rho^{2}}{\Lambda^{2}} dr^{2} - \rho^{2} d\theta^{2} - \left( r^{2} + \alpha^{2} + \frac{r_{s} r \alpha^{2}}{\rho^{2}} \sin^{2} \theta \right) \sin^{2} \theta \ d\phi^{2} + \frac{2r_{s} r\alpha \sin^{2} \theta }{\rho^{2}} \, c \, dt \, d\phi[/tex]

General Relativity Kerr metric tensor matrix elements:
[tex]g_{\mu \nu} = \left( \begin{array}{llll} 1 - \frac{r r_s}{r^2+\alpha ^2 \cos ^2(\theta )} & 0 & 0 & \frac{r \alpha \sin ^2(\theta ) r_s}{r^2+\alpha ^2 \cos ^2(\theta )} \\ 0 & -\frac{r^2+\alpha ^2 \cos ^2(\theta )}{r^2-r_s r+\alpha ^2} & 0 & 0 \\ 0 & 0 & -r^2-\alpha ^2 \cos ^2(\theta ) & 0 \\ \frac{r \alpha \sin ^2(\theta ) r_s}{r^2+\alpha ^2 \cos ^2(\theta )} & 0 & 0 & \sin ^2(\theta ) \left(-r^2-\frac{\alpha ^2 \sin ^2(\theta ) r_s r}{r^2+\alpha ^2 \cos ^2(\theta )}-\alpha ^2\right) \end{array} \right)[/tex]

Mathematica source code used by application in reference 1:
Code:
ToFileName[{$TopDirectory, "AddOns", "Applications"}]
<< einsteintensor.m
x = {t, r, \[Theta], \[Phi]}
(metric = {{1 - (Subscript[r, s]*r)/(r^2 + \[Alpha]^2*Cos[\[Theta]]^2), 0, 0, (Subscript[r, s]*r*\[Alpha]*Sin[\[Theta]]^2)/(r^2 + \[Alpha]^2*Cos[\[Theta]]^2)}, {0, -((r^2 + \[Alpha]^2*Cos[\[Theta]]^2)/(r^2 - Subscript[r, s]*r + \[Alpha]^2)), 0, 0}, {0, 0, -(r^2 + \[Alpha]^2*Cos[\[Theta]]^2), 0}, {(Subscript[r, s]*r*\[Alpha]*Sin[\[Theta]]^2)/(r^2 + \[Alpha]^2*Cos[\[Theta]]^2), 0, 0, -(r^2 + \[Alpha]^2 + (Subscript[r, s]*r*\[Alpha]^2*Sin[\[Theta]]^2)/(r^2 + \[Alpha]^2*Cos[\[Theta]]^2))*Sin[\[Theta]]^2}}) // MatrixForm
(tensor = {{\[Rho][r]*c^2, 0, 0, Subscript[\[CapitalPhi], \[Epsilon]][r]}, {0, -P[r], 0, 0},{0, 0, -P[r], 0}, {Subscript[\[Rho], p][r], 0, 0, -P[r]}}) // MatrixForm
(Einstein = Inverse[metric].Simplify[EinsteinTensor[metric, x], TimeConstraint -> 3600]) // MatrixForm
MaxMemoryUsed[]
[/Color]
Reference:
http://library.wolfram.com/infocenter/MathSource/162/"
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kerr_metric"
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schwarzschild%20metric"
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tolman-Oppenheimer-Volkoff_equation"
https://www.physicsforums.com/showpost.php?p=1801307&postcount=59"
https://www.physicsforums.com/attachment.php?attachmentid=14705&d=1216037026"
 
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I thought the TOV equation was derived by considering how matter in a spherical star might behave, then joining it to the Schwarzschild vacuum solution outside because of Birkhoff's theorem? Or are you referring to the Schwarzschild constant density solution? I think the equation you listed for the Schwarzschild line element is for a rotationally symmetric spacetime, which would be more general than either the Schwarzschild vacuum or constant density solutions.
 

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