A Lesser Green's function

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The lesser Green's function, defined as G^{<}(t,t')=i⟨C_{ν}^{†}(t')C_{ν}(t)⟩, represents the probability amplitude for a hole created at time t in state ν to remain in that state at a later time t'. For t < t', the function is interpreted in terms of the system's state evolution with a hole created earlier, while for t > t', it reflects the state with a hole created at the current time. The discussion emphasizes the physical interpretations of these states and their implications for time propagation in quantum systems. The importance of using LaTeX for clarity in mathematical expressions is also highlighted. Understanding the lesser Green's function is crucial for analyzing many-body systems in quantum mechanics.
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Physical interpretation of Lesser green function G<(t,t') for both t>t' and t<t'.
The lesser Green's function is defined as:
$$G^{<}(t,t')=i\langle C_{\nu}^{\dagger}(t')C_{\nu}(t)\rangle=i\bra{n}C_{\nu}^{\dagger}(t')C_{\nu}(t)\ket{n}$$ where ##\ket{n}## is the many particle ground state.
$$G^{<}(t,t')=i\bra{n}e^{iHt'}C_{\nu}^{\dagger}(0)e^{-iHt'}e^{iHt}C_{\nu}(0)e^{-iHt}\ket{n}$$
First consider the case t <t'
Define,
$$\ket{\alpha}=e^{-iH(t'-t)}C_{\nu}(0)e^{-iHt}\ket{n}$$
$$\ket{\beta}=C_{\nu}(0)e^{-iHt'}\ket{n}$$
$$G^{<}(t,t')=i\bra{\beta}\ket{\alpha}$$
##\ket{\alpha}## is the state of the system at time t' given that a hole was created at single particle state ##\nu## at earlier time t. And ##\ket{\beta}## is the state of the system at time t' given that a hole is created at state ##\nu## at that instant. It gives me good physical interpretation that lesser function for t<t' is proportional to probability amplitude for the hole created at time t in state ##\nu## would remain in state nu at time t' also.
Now consider t>t'
Define,
$$\ket{\alpha}=C_{\nu}(0)e^{-iHt}\ket{n}\\$$
$$\ket{\beta}=e^{-iH(t-t')}C_{\nu}(0)e^{-iHt'}\ket{n}\\$$
$$G^{<}(t,t')=i\bra{\beta}\ket{\alpha}$$
##\ket{\alpha}## is the state of the system at time t with hole created at that instant and ##\ket{\beta}## is the state of the system at time t with hole created at earlier time t' . What does physical interpretation now it have? What are forward and backward propagation often described in time.
 

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