It means that the ##W## function is an inverse function.
For example, ##log(z) = w## if and only if ##e^w = z##. This means that the ##\log## is the inverse function of the exponential.
But situations like the log and the exponential aren't always this simple. Take ##w =\sqrt{z}##. It is certainly true that ##w^2 = z##, but ##w## isn't the only value for which ##w^2 = z##, also ##(-w)^2 = z##. So there are two solutions to ##w^2 = z##. We choose one solution (namely the positive one) and call that ##\sqrt{z}##. But we have made a quite arbitrary choice here, we could also take the negative. We say that the square root function has two branches (one for each choice). So there is a negative branch of numbers whose square is ##z## and a positive branch.
In the same way, there is no unique ##w## such that ##we^w = z##. A choice must be made (in some case, in others there is a unique solution). These two choices define two "branches" of the W function.