Magnetic field induced by time-dependent current through out space?

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Homework Help Overview

The discussion revolves around the magnetic field induced by a time-dependent current flowing through an infinitely long straight line in vacuum. The problem involves applying Maxwell's equations and understanding the implications of a time-varying current density.

Discussion Character

  • Exploratory, Mathematical reasoning, Assumption checking

Approaches and Questions Raised

  • Participants explore the use of cylindrical coordinates to express the current density and its implications for calculating the magnetic field. There are attempts to relate the magnetic field to the vector potential and electric field using Maxwell's equations. Questions arise regarding the differentiation of the Dirac delta function and the challenges in solving for the vector potential.

Discussion Status

The discussion is ongoing, with participants sharing different approaches to tackle the problem. Some express interest in using Green's functions and Fourier transforms, while others note the complexity of the integration involved for an infinitely long wire. There is no explicit consensus on the best approach yet.

Contextual Notes

Participants are working under the constraints of applying Maxwell's equations in vacuum and considering the implications of time-dependent currents. The discussion includes references to specific equations and mathematical techniques relevant to the problem.

liumylife
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Homework Statement


There's a infinitely-long straight line in vacuum goes through space, carrying a current which is time-dependent. What is the magnetic field induced by the curent?

B, vector, the magnetic field
E, vector, the electric field
J, vector, the current density
ρ, scalar, the charge density
t, time
μ0, permeability
ε0, permitivity
div, divergence ( of vector )
rot, curl or rotation ( of vector )
Δ, Laplacian operator
t, partial differential operator with respect to time
r^, θ^ and z^ are unit vectors of r, θ, z

Homework Equations



Maxwell's equations in vacuum:
div E = ρ / ε0
rot E = -∂t B
div B = 0
rot B = μ0 J + μ0ε0t E

Continuum equation:
div J = -∂t ρ

The Attempt at a Solution



Take the straight line as z axis, using cylindrical coordinate r, θ, z.
The current density should be J = I(t) δ(r) z^ where the I(t) is the current intensity changing with time, and δ(r) is 2-D Dirac delta function.
Taking the rotation of the last equation in M's equations, I have
-Δ B = μ0 rot J - (∂t)2 B,
the rot J term brings trouble, what do I get when differentiate delta funtion?
 
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I would use the given current density to determine the vector potential \vec A
which is related to the B and E fields by:
\vec B = \nabla \times \vec A\vec E = - \frac{\partial \vec A}{\partial t}- \vec \nabla \phi

After the gauge choice div A = 0 i got after omitting constants, like c:
\square \vec A = \vec j + \vec \nabla (\nabla \vec j)

Write this out in your coordinate choice.
I think this can be solved easily for A using Green's functions and doing a Fourier transform. I haven't tried it out myself yet.

If anyone knows a better way, have at it, I'm interested as well.
 
Solution

I found the solution in Griffiths' book: Chap.10, (10.31), generalization of the Biot-Savart law.
 
Looks like a tough inegration to find A . Easy for a short wire, L << λ or r, but for an infinitely long one?
 

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