Measure Theory - Existence of Fsigma set contained in measurable set

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SUMMARY

The discussion centers on the relationship between measurable sets and Fσ sets in measure theory. It establishes that a set E with finite outer measure is measurable if and only if there exists a Fσ set F contained in E such that the outer measure of F equals that of E. The proof demonstrates that if E is measurable, it can be expressed as the union of a Fσ set K and a null set N, confirming the existence of such a Fσ set. Conversely, if a Fσ set exists within E, it is shown that the complement of this set within E has an outer measure of zero, affirming the measurability of E.

PREREQUISITES
  • Understanding of Fσ and Gδ sets in topology
  • Knowledge of outer measure and its properties
  • Familiarity with measure theory concepts such as measurability
  • Basic principles of countable subadditivity in measure theory
NEXT STEPS
  • Study the properties of Fσ and Gδ sets in detail
  • Explore the concept of outer measure in depth, particularly in relation to Lebesgue measure
  • Investigate the implications of countable subadditivity in measure theory
  • Learn about the construction and examples of measurable sets in various contexts
USEFUL FOR

Mathematicians, students of analysis, and anyone studying measure theory who seeks to understand the intricacies of measurable sets and their relationships with Fσ sets.

joypav
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Problem:
Let $E$ have finite outer measure. Show that $E$ is measurable if and only if there is a $F_\sigma$ set $F \subset E$ with $m^*\left(F\right)=m^*\left(E\right)$.

Proof:
"$\leftarrow$"
To Show: $E=K\cup N$ where $K$ is $F_\sigma$ and $m^*(N)=m(N)=0$.

By assumption, $\exists F$, and $F_\sigma$ set, $F\subset E$, and $m^*(F)=m^*(E)$
Write,
$E=F\cup (E-F)$

To Show: $m^*(E-F)=0$

By a theorem given in class,
$\exists G$, a $G_\delta$ set, such that $E\subset G$ and $m^*(E)=m(G)$.
Then,
$m(E-F) \leq$ (G is "bigger" than E) $m(G-F) = m(G)-m(F) = m(E) - m(E) = 0$
$\implies m^*(E-F)=m(E-F)=0 \implies E$ is measurable.

Could someone get me started in the other direction??
 
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If $E$ is measurable, use the representation you wrote above: $E = K\cup N$ where $K$ is $F_\sigma$ and $m^*(N) = 0$. By countable subadditivity of the outer measure $m^*(E) \le m^*(K) + m^*(N) = m^*(K)$. On the other hand, since $K \subset E$, $m^*(K) \le m^*(E)$ by monotonicity of $m^*$. Therefore, $m^*(E) = m^*(K)$.
 

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