Minimum area of a triangle with fixed incircle

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SUMMARY

The minimum area of an isosceles triangle with a fixed incircle radius R occurs when the height x equals 3R. The area can be expressed as a function of height x, and by differentiating this function and finding critical points, one can confirm the minimum area condition. The discussion highlights the importance of geometric relationships, particularly the similarity of triangles, in deriving the area formula effectively.

PREREQUISITES
  • Understanding of isosceles triangle properties
  • Knowledge of triangle similarity and geometric relationships
  • Basic calculus, specifically differentiation
  • Familiarity with the concept of incircles in triangles
NEXT STEPS
  • Study the properties of isosceles triangles and their incircles
  • Learn about triangle similarity and its applications in geometry
  • Practice differentiation techniques in calculus
  • Explore geometric optimization problems involving fixed parameters
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Students studying geometry, particularly those focusing on optimization problems, as well as educators teaching calculus and geometric properties of triangles.

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Homework Statement


Consider an isosceles triangles with height x and a fixed incircle of radius R. Show that the minimum area of such triangle occurs when x = 3R


Homework Equations


None.


The Attempt at a Solution


Well, I know that have to express the area of the triangle in terms of x, then differentiate with respect to x and find where the derivative is zero, and then check whether it's a minimum or maximum. My problem is mostly with the geometric part of the problem. Since I have the height x, I suppose that I need to find the base in terms of x, since area = 1/2 * base * height.
The only thing I've managed to do is drawing a line from the center of the incircle to one of the points of tangent; this gives a right triangle with a cathetus equal to R and a hyponetuse equal to x - R. I've tried finding similar triangles but it didn't work so well.
Thanks.
 
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Denote the 3 vertices of the isosceles triangle by A, B, and C, with sides AB and BC having the same length.
Drop a perpendicular from B to AC, and denote the point of intersection by D. Note that we have BD = x.
We shall label the centre of the incircle as O, and shall drop another perpendicular from O to AB. The foot of the perpendicular shall be denoted by E. I believe you're right in saying that OE = R and OB = x - R.
Here's how I suggest you proceed : Observe that the right-angled triangles ABD and OBE are similar. (Why?) Use this fact to express AD in terms of R and x. Determining the area of the triangle ABC should now be easy.
 
Ah, thanks, I managed to find the area with your "hint". I didn't see that triangle similarity before. From there, differentiating was simple.
 

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