How Do Attractive and Repulsive Electromagnetic Forces Combine in Contact Force?

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SUMMARY

The discussion centers on the interaction of attractive and repulsive electromagnetic forces within contact forces, specifically friction and normal reaction forces. Friction is identified as an electromagnetically attractive force arising from the interaction of rough surfaces, while the normal force is characterized as repulsive. Participants emphasize that despite the complexity of these forces, they are fundamentally mechanical forces resulting from the interactions of matter at the atomic level. The resultant force between atoms can be analyzed using Quantum Mechanics, incorporating principles such as the Pauli exclusion principle.

PREREQUISITES
  • Understanding of electromagnetic forces and their applications in mechanics
  • Familiarity with friction and normal forces in physics
  • Basic knowledge of Quantum Mechanics principles
  • Concept of the Pauli exclusion principle in atomic interactions
NEXT STEPS
  • Research the role of Quantum Mechanics in calculating resultant forces
  • Study the Pauli exclusion principle and its implications in atomic interactions
  • Explore the mechanics of friction at the microscopic level
  • Investigate the relationship between electromagnetic forces and mechanical forces
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Physics students, mechanical engineers, and anyone interested in the fundamental principles of forces and their interactions at the atomic level.

rahaverhma
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If friction is electromagnetically attractive force and the normal reaction is electromagnetically repulsive force which it obviously is. But how is it possible to have different type of force as the component of a single force i. e. Contact force over the nature of which I have got confused!
 
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I think you're getting lost in the weeds. They are all mechanical forces of things pushing on things.
 
phinds said:
I think you're getting lost in the weeds. They are all mechanical forces of things pushing on things.
But it's origin is electromagnetic. And friction does not push.
 
rahaverhma said:
But it's origin is electromagnetic. And friction does not push.
If you have a bridge constructed of trusses, all members are in compression or in tension. No shear forces anywhere. Yet the bridge as a whole resists shear. Sometimes the whole is different than the parts.
 
rahaverhma said:
And friction does not push.
Yes, it does. It's two rough surfaces sliding over each other with small areas of each sticking into gaps in the other and the surface electrons repel each other. Think of two sawtooth waves "sliding" over each other.
 
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rahaverhma said:
But it's origin is electromagnetic. And friction does not push.
Yes, it does. Surfaces are rough, and so they form little microscopic “hills” and “valleys”. Friction is one surface’s hills pushing on the other surface’s hills.

Edit: oh, I see that I really should have read the other responses. @phinds said the same thing but much faster!
 
phinds said:
Yes, it does. It's two rough surfaces sliding over each other with small areas of each sticking into gaps in the other and the surface electrons repel each other. Think of two sawtooth waves "sliding" over each other.
Yes, but as electrons are repelling each other at the molecular level. Similarly, the protons are attracting the electrons of other atoms too. So, u can't say for sure what will be the resultant force between the atoms I mean attractive or repulsive.
 
rahaverhma said:
So, u can't say for sure what will be the resultant force between the atoms I mean attractive or repulsive.
Please don’t use “u” as short for “you” or any other similar text speak shortcuts on this forum.

The resultant force can be calculated using Quantum Mechanics, but it is not simple and involves the Pauli exclusion principle as well as electrostatic and other effects.
 
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