What is the meaning of N(H) in subgroup notation?

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SUMMARY

The notation N(H), specifically N_G(H), represents the normalizer of subgroup H in group G. It is defined as N_G(H) = {g ∈ G | gHg^{-1} ⊆ H}. In the context of finite groups, if H has a prime index in G, it can be concluded that either N_G(H) equals G, indicating that H is a normal subgroup, or N_G(H) equals H, which designates H as a self-normalizing subgroup.

PREREQUISITES
  • Understanding of group theory concepts, particularly subgroups.
  • Familiarity with the definition and properties of normalizers in group theory.
  • Knowledge of finite groups and their indices.
  • Basic mathematical notation used in abstract algebra.
NEXT STEPS
  • Study the properties of normal subgroups in finite groups.
  • Explore the concept of self-normalizing subgroups in group theory.
  • Learn about the implications of subgroup indices in finite groups.
  • Investigate examples of normalizers in specific groups, such as symmetric groups.
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Students of abstract algebra, mathematicians specializing in group theory, and educators teaching concepts related to subgroups and normalizers.

Silviu
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Hello! I have this problem:

If H is a subgroup of prime index in a finite group G, show that either H is a normal subgroup or N(H) = H.

What does N(H) means? I don't want a solution for the problem (at least not yet), I just want to know what that notation means. Thank you!
 
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N(H) or better ##N_G(H)## is very likely the normalizer of ##H## in ##G##.
That is ##N_G(H)=\{g \in G \,\vert \, gHg^{-1} \subseteq H\}\,##.
The task here is to show that either ##N_G(H)=G## or ##N_G(H)=H\,##.
The first means a normal subgroup, the latter is called a self-normalizing subgroup.
 

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