Number of zeros of (tangent) vector field on sphere

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Discussion Overview

The discussion revolves around the existence of a tangent vector field on the unit 2-sphere in 3D that vanishes at exactly one point. Participants explore implications of the Poincare-Hopf index theorem and the conditions under which such a vector field can be constructed.

Discussion Character

  • Exploratory
  • Technical explanation
  • Debate/contested

Main Points Raised

  • One participant questions whether a tangent vector field on the unit 2-sphere can vanish at exactly one point, referencing the Poincare-Hopf index theorem and suggesting that this would imply an index of 2.
  • Another participant proposes that the question can be reframed to consider whether a tangent vector field on R^2 can vanish at infinity, hinting at a potential approach to the problem.
  • A participant claims to have computed an explicit formula for a vector field that vanishes at a specific point, providing a mathematical expression for it.
  • A more informal contribution suggests a physical analogy to visualize a vector field with a single zero, indicating an index of 2, though it lacks mathematical rigor.
  • Some participants express confusion or frustration with the complexity of the discussion, indicating that the topic may be challenging to grasp.
  • Another participant introduces the idea of a constant vector field that must be adjusted near infinity to achieve a single zero, along with a reference to complex forms on the Riemann sphere.

Areas of Agreement / Disagreement

Participants do not reach a consensus on the existence of such a vector field or the implications of the index theorem. Multiple competing views and approaches are presented, and the discussion remains unresolved.

Contextual Notes

There are limitations in the assumptions made regarding the nature of vector fields and their indices, as well as the mathematical steps involved in constructing the proposed vector fields.

justincase
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Is it possible to have a tangent vector field on the unit 2-sphere x^2+y^2+z^2 =1 in
3D which vanishes at exactly one point? By the Poincare-Hopf index theorem
the index of such vector field at the point where it vanishes must be 2. Is that possible? If yes, can one write an explicit formula for such vector field.
 
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Yes. Observe that your question is equivalent to "Does there exist a tangent vector field on R^2 that vanishes at infinity?" Does that give you any ideas?
 
Yes, thank you for the hint. I see it now. I was able to compute the following explicit formula for the vector field:

(x^2/(z-1) + 1, x*y/(z-1), x)

for any (x,y,z) with x^2+y^2+z^2=1 except (0,0,1).
 
stick one finger in your eye and a thumb in the other and bring thumb and finger together.

that gives a vector field with a single zero in the middle of your nose, of index 2.
 
All that gave me was a headache...
 
a headache and a vector field of index 2.
 
zero only at infinity

a constant vector field, say parallel to the x axis, must be slowed down near infinity to a single zero.

I also found it useful to think about the complex form dz on the Riemann sphere.
 

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