Perception of fission in the US in the 1940's

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Discussion Overview

The discussion revolves around the perception and dissemination of knowledge regarding nuclear fission in the United States during the 1940s, particularly following the initial experiments by Meitner and Hahn. It explores the public awareness of fission, the impact of government restrictions on information, and the historical context of scientific communication during wartime.

Discussion Character

  • Exploratory
  • Debate/contested
  • Historical

Main Points Raised

  • Some participants note that physicists globally recognized the potential for a fission bomb after the 1938 experiments, questioning whether this was publicly discussed in the US before its entry into WWII.
  • There is mention of the lack of a Nobel Prize awarded to Meitner, which some participants find notable.
  • One participant clarifies the distinction between public knowledge and awareness among scientists, detailing how Meitner's 1939 article in 'Nature' spread knowledge of fission among physicists.
  • Another participant discusses the timeline of government restrictions on information about fission, noting that articles were published in popular media before the onset of stricter controls.
  • Some participants express curiosity about the availability of historical articles and the legality of withdrawing publications from libraries during wartime.
  • There is a reference to Szilard's early recognition of the potential for a chain reaction and his patent on the idea, with discussions about the implications of this patent and its transfer to the British government.
  • One participant raises a contemporary parallel regarding the ease of creating dangerous materials, linking it to the historical context of fission research.
  • Discussions also touch on the societal perceptions of scientific information and the responsibilities of scientists in communicating risks associated with their discoveries.

Areas of Agreement / Disagreement

Participants express a range of views on the public awareness of fission and the role of government in controlling information. There is no consensus on the extent of public discussion or the implications of government restrictions, indicating ongoing debate and differing perspectives.

Contextual Notes

The discussion highlights limitations in understanding the full scope of public knowledge and the nuances of scientific communication during a time of war, as well as the complexities surrounding the dissemination of potentially dangerous information.

  • #31
BobG said:
Not during extreme situations.

Ok, during war time, but besides invading Grandada and massive undercover actions of the CIA in Nicaragua Reagan was one of the few recent presidents who didn't start a personal war make people to troop the flag when popularity levels fell.
I think that NRC and DOE did have some adjudication but I still wonder why universities did not take legal action against it. On the other hand, we momentarily observe similarly willing cooperation of all major IT enterprises in the US with the NSA in the case of its prism program.
 
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  • #32
In the US, major universities are often the recipients of large government contracts, amounting to millions of US dollars in revenue on a yearly basis. They are not about to bite the hand which feeds them. Unless you want to spend all of your money, you better have a good case going against the government, because they have more money and more lawyers.
 
  • #33
I just got a copy of the NYT article:
http://select.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=FA0D16FC3B54117A93C7A9178ED85F448485F9
It starts on the title page and is continued on all of page 51, so it is really an in depth article on the newest findings on fission research. The immediate trigger was the publication of some letters to the editor in physical reviews by Nier et al. in 1940 on the fission of U-235 which had been previously isolated in minute amounts.
The article explains the concepts of fission, nuclear chain reactions, slow and fast neutrons and gives estimates of the critical mass U-235. It stesses the possibility to use uranium in power plants and outlines the concept of a boiling water reactor. The amount of energy released in a nuclear explosion is also estimated and compared to the largest explosions with conventional explosives and it is also mentioned that the production of U-235 was also a project of highest priority among German scientists.

Thus I think it can be concluded that the possibility to build a nuclear bomb was not only known to a set of speciallists but also to the broad public in the US if scientifically interested as early as 1940.
 

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