Possible illogicalness of a 3-sphere shape of the Universe's space?

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Discussion Overview

The discussion revolves around the conceptualization of the universe's shape, specifically the idea of mapping three-dimensional space onto the surface of a 3-sphere. Participants explore the implications of such a mapping, the nature of different geometries, and the challenges associated with visualizing and understanding these concepts within the context of cosmology and geometry.

Discussion Character

  • Exploratory
  • Debate/contested
  • Technical explanation
  • Conceptual clarification

Main Points Raised

  • One participant suggests that mapping three dimensions of space onto a 3-sphere presents logical issues, particularly regarding the nature of Platonic solids and their configurations.
  • Another participant clarifies that the geometry of a 3-sphere differs from Euclidean 3-space, emphasizing that the latter is just one of many possible geometries.
  • There is a discussion about the nature of non-Euclidean de Sitter geometry, with a participant asserting it is not the geometry of a 3-sphere.
  • Questions are raised about the possibility of mapping a cubic honeycomb structure onto a 3-sphere, with some indicating that it can be done locally but not globally.
  • Participants discuss the application of global, positionally symmetrical coordinate systems in 3-sphere models, with one noting that 3-dimensional spherical coordinates are commonly used.
  • Concerns are expressed about the symmetry of spherical coordinates, particularly regarding the necessity of a central radial position.
  • There is a distinction made between spherical coordinates on a 3-sphere versus those in Euclidean 3-space, with emphasis on the limitations of extending certain coordinate transformations globally.
  • One participant seeks clarification on the interpretation of a diagram depicting 2-spheres embedded in 3D space, questioning the representation of the universe in that context.

Areas of Agreement / Disagreement

Participants exhibit disagreement regarding the logical implications of mapping space onto a 3-sphere, the nature of different geometries, and the validity of certain coordinate systems. No consensus is reached on these points, indicating a complex and unresolved discussion.

Contextual Notes

Participants highlight limitations in understanding the global versus local properties of geometries, the dependence on specific definitions of space, and the challenges in visualizing higher-dimensional spaces. The discussion remains open-ended with unresolved questions regarding the application of coordinate systems.

  • #31
Ibix said:
On a sphere you should see more cubes radially than naive analysis of the circumference would suggest, surely?

Yes, you're right, I misstated the difference between the black hole spacetime (more precisely, a single spacelike slice of constant Schwarzschild coordinate time in a black hole spacetime) and a 3-sphere. Giving the math will make it clearer: the 3-sphere metric, in "Schwarzschild-like" coordinates where ##r## is the areal radius and we have picked any point we like as the origin, is:

$$
ds^2 = \frac{1}{1 - k r^2} dr^2 + r^2 d\Omega^2
$$

where ##k## is a constant related to the "Radius of curvature" of the 3-sphere.

The metric of the Flamm paraboloid, which is the geometry of a constant Schwarzschild time spacelike slice of a black hole spacetime, is:

$$
ds^2 = \frac{1}{1 - \frac{2M}{r}} dr^2 + r^2 d\Omega^2
$$

where ##M## is the mass of the hole.

Both of these metrics have the coefficient of ##dr^2## larger than 1, so you are right that they both allow you to fit more cubes radially than you would expect based on tangential distances. But the dependence on ##r## of how many more cubes you can fit radially is very different.
 
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  • #32
greswd said:
from #20, I think the map of space should continue outwards indefinitely

Obviously it can't, since the area of a 2-sphere is finite. Similarly, it is impossible to continue any "cube" construction outward indefinitely in a 3-sphere space, since the volume of the space is finite.
 
  • #33
PeterDonis said:
Obviously it can't, since the area of a 2-sphere is finite. Similarly, it is impossible to continue any "cube" construction outward indefinitely in a 3-sphere space, since the volume of the space is finite.
yup, a finite play space, though in #20 I mentioned infinite looping:
greswd said:
A flatlander has no conception of the 3rd dimension of space, so to him the 2-sphere is a flat plane in which he can move about infinitely in any direction, though he might end up looping around back to where he started.
and in #27 to Ibix repetitions
greswd said:
And as our flatlander can also perceive that he is moving in one direction only in a straight line while he is actually looping around, the map of space could go on infinitely, but with repetitions.
with the infinite map representing repeated loops
 
Last edited:
  • #34
greswd said:
with the infinite map representing repeated loops

As long as you allow multiple squares or cubes to occupy the same space, which I suppose is OK if they're just abstract, but doesn't work if they are actual objects.
 
  • #35
PeterDonis said:
As long as you allow multiple squares or cubes to occupy the same space, which I suppose is OK if they're just abstract, but doesn't work if they are actual objects.
I was thinking in terms of something similar to Pac-Man on a torus.

1588865213041.png


The infinite map would look like this:

puck.png

And the infinite map includes Pac-Man himself repeated infinitely, as its like the 2007 physicsy video game Portal in which you can look at your own back:

1588865949428.png


There's also a video, though it shows the environment moving around the torus instead of Pac-Man

 
  • #36
greswd said:
so from #20, I think the map of space should continue outwards indefinitely, but as mentioned, unclear how to proceed after inadvertently reproducing Schlegel diagrams.
@Ibix as I'm unclear on how to proceed, I'm looking at another example which has a nice infinite map, that of the torus.
above I've posted the infinite map for Pac-Man on a torus. Its a modified Pac-Man, while the 1979 game Asteroids is originally toroidal.
 

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