How Do You Calculate the Phase Constant φ from a Wave Displacement Graph?

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To calculate the phase constant φ from a wave displacement graph, start with the wave equation y(x, t) = ym sin(kx - ωt + φ). The graph indicates that at t = 0 seconds, the displacement is +6 mm, which can be used as Y(x,t), while the maximum displacement (Ym) is 18 mm. To find φ, substitute these values into the equation and solve for φ, considering the sine function's properties. The discussion highlights the importance of knowing the wave's angular frequency (ω) and the wave number (k) for accurate calculations. Understanding these parameters is crucial for determining the phase constant effectively.
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1. The figure shows the displacement y versus time t of the point on a string at x = 0, as a wave passes through that point. The scale of the x axis is set by ys = 18.0 mm.The wave has form y(x, t) = ym sin (kx - ωt+φ). What is φ?
http://edugen.wileyplus.com/edugen/courses/crs7165/art/qb/qu/c16/pict_16_62.gif
2. y(x, t) = ym sin (- ωt+φ)3. reading off my graph, it crosses the Y axis at 6mm, i used that as my Y(x,t) and 18 as my Ym, but i have no idea how to get the time or omega
 
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At t = 0 seconds the displacement is +6 mm and you have ym.
 
The book claims the answer is that all the magnitudes are the same because "the gravitational force on the penguin is the same". I'm having trouble understanding this. I thought the buoyant force was equal to the weight of the fluid displaced. Weight depends on mass which depends on density. Therefore, due to the differing densities the buoyant force will be different in each case? Is this incorrect?

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