MHB Proving Angles in Triangle ABC < 120° & Cos + Sin > -√3/3

  • Thread starter Thread starter anemone
  • Start date Start date
  • Tags Tags
    Angles Triangle
Click For Summary
In triangle ABC, it is established that all angles are less than 120°. The goal is to prove that the ratio of the sum of the cosines to the sum of the sines of the angles exceeds -√3/3. The relationship between the angles and their trigonometric functions is crucial in demonstrating this inequality. The proof involves applying trigonometric identities and properties of triangles. Ultimately, the conclusion affirms the inequality holds true under the given conditions.
anemone
Gold Member
MHB
POTW Director
Messages
3,851
Reaction score
115
All the angles in triangle $ABC$ are less than $120^{\circ}$. Prove that

$\dfrac{\cos A+\cos B+\cos C}{\sin A+\sin B+\sin C}>-\dfrac{\sqrt{3}}{3}$.
 
Mathematics news on Phys.org
[TIKZ]
\coordinate[label=left:A] (A) at (0,0);
\coordinate[label=right:B] (B) at (6, 0);
\coordinate[label=above:C] (C) at (2.4,3);
\coordinate[label=above: $A_1$] ($A_1$) at (7,3);
\coordinate[label=below: $B_1$] ($B_1$) at (7.2,0);
\coordinate[label=below: $C_1$] ($C_1$) at (12,2);
\draw (A) -- (B)-- (C)-- (A);
\draw (7,3) -- (7.2,0)-- (12,2)-- (7,3);
[/TIKZ]
Consider the triangle $A_1B_1C_1$ where $\angle A_1=120^{\circ}-\angle A,\,\angle B_1=120^{\circ}-\angle B$ and $\angle C_1=120^{\circ}-\angle C$. The given condition guarantees the existence of such a triangle.

Applying the triangle inequality in triangle $A_1B_1C_1$ gives $B_1C_1+C_1A_1>A_1B_1$, i.e.

$\sin A_1+\sin B_1>\sin C_1$ by applying the law of sines to triangle $A_1B_1C_1$.

It follows that

$\sin (120^{\circ}-A)+\sin (120^{\circ}-B)>\sin (120^{\circ}-C)$ or

$\dfrac{\sqrt{3}}{2}(\cos A+\cos B+\cos C)+\dfrac{1}{2}(\sin A+\sin B+\sin C)>0$.

Taking into account that $a+b>c$ implies $\sin A+\sin B-\sin C>0$, the above inequality can be rewritten as

$\dfrac{\sqrt{3}}{2}\cdot \dfrac{\cos A+\cos B+\cos C}{\sin A+\sin B+\sin C}+\dfrac{1}{2}>0$, from which the conclusion follows.
 
Seemingly by some mathematical coincidence, a hexagon of sides 2,2,7,7, 11, and 11 can be inscribed in a circle of radius 7. The other day I saw a math problem on line, which they said came from a Polish Olympiad, where you compute the length x of the 3rd side which is the same as the radius, so that the sides of length 2,x, and 11 are inscribed on the arc of a semi-circle. The law of cosines applied twice gives the answer for x of exactly 7, but the arithmetic is so complex that the...