Proving that e^{ikx} is primary with weight (h=\hbar = \alpha k^2/4)

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In summary, the first line represents the normal ordering of the operators A and B at the point z. The second line uses the Wick theorem to expand the product of A and B in terms of creation and annihilation operators. The third line applies the operator relation to get the final result.
  • #1
LCSphysicist
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Homework Statement
I can't understand the line of reasoning used by David Tong (on its lectures of CFT).
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1676395218266.png


Where

##:## really means normal ordered, in the sense that ##:A(w)B(z): = \lim_{w \to z} \left ( A(w)B(z) - \langle A(w)B(z) \rangle \right )##

##\partial X(z) = \frac{\partial X(z)}{\partial z}##

How do we go form the first line to the second one?? I am not understanding it!

it seems to me that we start with
$$\partial X(z) : X(w)^n : = \partial X(z) : X(w)^{n-1} X(w) :$$
Then, for some reason

$$\partial X(z) : X(w)^{n-1} X(w) : \rightarrow n X(w)^{n-1} :\partial X(z) X(w): $$

Since

$$: \partial X(z) X(w) = \frac{-\alpha'}{2 (z-w)} $$

We got the answer, but how?
 
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You must use Wick theorem, which is the same as in ordinary QFT.
 
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1. What does it mean for e^{ikx} to be primary with weight (h=\hbar = \alpha k^2/4)?

Being primary with weight (h=\hbar = \alpha k^2/4) means that the function e^{ikx} satisfies certain properties under the transformations of the system. Specifically, it means that e^{ikx} transforms as a primary field with weight (h=\hbar = \alpha k^2/4) under conformal transformations.

2. How is the weight (h=\hbar = \alpha k^2/4) of e^{ikx} calculated?

The weight (h=\hbar = \alpha k^2/4) of e^{ikx} is calculated by using the conformal weight formula, which is h=\hbar = \alpha k^2/4, where \alpha is a constant determined by the specific system. In this case, the weight is determined by the conformal symmetry of the system.

3. What is the significance of e^{ikx} being primary with weight (h=\hbar = \alpha k^2/4)?

The significance of e^{ikx} being primary with weight (h=\hbar = \alpha k^2/4) is that it is a fundamental building block in conformal field theory. It allows for the construction of other primary fields and is essential for understanding the properties of the system under conformal transformations.

4. Can e^{ikx} be primary with weight (h=\hbar = \alpha k^2/4) in all systems?

No, e^{ikx} can only be primary with weight (h=\hbar = \alpha k^2/4) in systems that exhibit conformal symmetry. These systems are typically scale-invariant and have a certain type of symmetry that allows for the transformation of fields.

5. How is the primary nature of e^{ikx} with weight (h=\hbar = \alpha k^2/4) experimentally verified?

The primary nature of e^{ikx} with weight (h=\hbar = \alpha k^2/4) can be experimentally verified by studying the transformation properties of the system under conformal transformations. If the system exhibits the expected transformation behavior, then e^{ikx} can be confirmed to be a primary field with weight (h=\hbar = \alpha k^2/4).

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